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Allium sativum L.
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita
|titlemode=append
|keywords= Lashuna, Rasona, Lasuna, Garlic, Allium sativum L.Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
|description='''Lashuna''' (''Allium sativum'' L.) or Garlic is a prominent therapeutic plant widely utilized in [[Ayurveda]] and modern pharmacotherapy for its broad spectrum of biological activities, particularly cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and oncological applications.
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=charak samhita
|type=article
}}
 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic Allium sativum L.]


{{Infobox
{{Infobox
Line 7: Line 17:
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Allium sativum L.
|data2 = Allium sativum L.
|label3 = Contributors
|label3 = Family
|data3 = --
|data3 = Liliaceae
|label4 = Year of publication  
|label4 = Availability
|data4 =  2021
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Publisher  
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data5 = Team Dravyaguna
|label6 = DOI  
|label6 = Year of publication  
|data6 = Awaited
|data6 =  2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|data8 = Awaited
}}
}}


==English name ==  
'''Lashuna''' (''Allium sativum'' L.) or Garlic is a prominent therapeutic plant widely utilized in [[Ayurveda]] and modern pharmacotherapy for its broad spectrum of biological activities, particularly cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and oncological applications.
 
== General Overview ==
* '''Taxonomic Name:''' ''Allium sativum'' L.
* '''Ayurvedic Designation:''' ''Lashuna'' / ''Rasona'' ("Lacking One Taste")
* '''Primary Phytochemicals:''' [[Alliin]], [[Allicin]], [[Diallyl disulfide]] (DADS), [[Diallyl trisulfide]] (DATS), [[Ajoene]], S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC)


Garlic
==Therapeutic uses==
Jirna jwara(chronic fever), Krumiroga(worms), gulma(abdominal lumps), kushtha(skin disease),Arsha(haemorrhoids),Kasa(cough),Swasa(breathlessness), pinasa(running nose), sula(pain), karnasoola(earache), vatavyadhi, hikka,medoroga, yoni vyapada(diseases of vagina),visuchika,plihavruddhi(spleenomegaly),kshaya, vishamajwara,unmada,apasmara, sopha(swelling),hrudaroga(heart disease), vrana(wound)trikashool<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50</ref>
 
==Other varieties==
* Allium arenarium Sadler ex Rchb. 1830 not L. 1753
* Allium controversum Schrad. ex Wild.
* Allium longicuspis Regel
* Allium ophioscorodon Link
* Allium pekinense Prokh.
* Porrum ophioscorodon (Link) Rchb.
* Porrum sativum (L.) Rchb. 1830 not (L.) Mill. 1768


== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==


Lashuna, Rasona, Ugragandha, Arishta  
Lashuna, Rasona, Ugragandha, Arishta  
==Synonyms in bhavaprakash nighantu==
Mahaushadha(because it use in many disease), Mlecchakanda(liked by mlecha as it is used to prepared dishes), Yavaneshta(liked by foreigners)<ref> Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, haritakyadi varga,verse no.217</ref>
==Types==
===Dhanvantari nighantu===
Mentioned 2 types<ref>Pro. Dr. zarkhande oza , dr.umapati Mishra , dhanvanatari Nighantu. Edition 2016, Chaukhambha surbharti prakasana,karaviradi varga verse no. 62,63</ref>
# Rasona
# Mahakanda
===Raja nighantu===
Mentioned 4 types<ref>Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, mulakadi varga verse no- 50,51,53,54</ref>
# Rasona
# Shweta rasona
# Grunjana
# Rakta rasona
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Properties
|-
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Pungent (katu), Bitter (tikta), Sweet (madhura), Lavana (salt), Astringent (kashaya)
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Unctuous (snigdha), Sharp (tikshna), Sliminess (picchila), Heavy (guru), Mobility (sara),
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify [[kapha]] and [[vata]], increases [[pitta]]
|-
|}


== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==  
Line 32: Line 95:
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity  
|-
|-
| 1 || Sutra sthana 2/5 || Sirovirechana (Errhine therapy)
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/5 || Shirovirechana (Errhine therapy)
|-
|-
| 2 || Sutra sthana 3/4 || Siddhatamachurnapradeha
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/4 || Siddhatama churna pradeha(external application)
|-
|-
|3
|3
|Ch Su 27/176
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/176
|Harita Varga
|Harita Varga(class of green herbs)
|-
|-
|4
|4
|Ch Su 26/84
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/84
|Viruddha ahar
|Viruddha ahara (incompatible substances)
|-
|-
|5
|5
|Ch.N.2/4
|Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 2/4
|Nidana of Raktapitta
|Nidana of Raktapitta (cause of bleeding disorder)
|-
|-
|6
|6
|Ch Vi 6/17
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 6/17
|Abhyantar Krimi  Chikitsa
|Abhyantar Krimi  Chikitsa (treatment of worm)
|-
|-
|7
|7
|Ch.Sha.8/34
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/34
|Garbhasya  pratimasik karma
|Garbhasya  pratimasika karma
|-
|-
|8
|8
|Ch.Sha.8/47
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/47
|Jatamatra balak paricharya
|Jatamatra balaka paricharya
|-
|-
|9
|9
|Ch.Sha.8/56
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/56
|Kshira vishodhan dravya
|Kshira vishodhana dravya(treatment of vitiated breast milk)
|-
|-
|10
|10
|Cha. Sa. Chi. 5/94
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/94
|Ingredient of Lasuna  Kshirpaka
|Ingredient of Lashuna Kshirpaka
|-
|-
|11
|11
|Cha. Sa. Chi. 5/177
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/177
|Vilayan of Rakta Gulma
|Vilayan of Rakta Gulma
|-
|-
|12
|12
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/111
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/111
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Tail
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Taila
|-
|-
|13
|13
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/49
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/49
|Ingredient in Lasunadya Ghrita
|Ingredient in Lashunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|14
|14
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/52
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/52
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrit
|Ingredient in Apara  lashunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|15
|15
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/53
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/53
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrita
|Ingredient in Apara  lashunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|16
|16
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/64
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/64
|Used as Nashya and Anjan prayogarth
|Used as Nasya and Anjana prayogarth
|-
|-
|17
|17
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/35
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/35
|Ingredient in Palankashadi  tail
|Ingredient in Palankashadi  taila
|-
|-
|18
|18
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/64
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/64
|Ingredient in Atattvabhinivesh nashak yog
|Ingredient in Atattvabhinivesha nashak yoga
|-
|-
|19
|19
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/9
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/9
|As nidan of  arsha roga
|As nidana of  arsha roga(cause of hemorrhoids)
|-
|-
|20
|20
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/70
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/70
|As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada.
|As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada
|-
|-
|21
|21
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/150
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/150
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya.
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya(running nose)
|-
|-
|22
|22
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/177
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/177
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Dose==
* 3gm of the drug<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50</ref>


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
==Important formulatios==
As per A.P.I.<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50</ref>
* Lashunadi vati
* Lashunadi ghruta
* Vacha lashunadi taila
== Current availability==
 
Available
India - All over India
 
== Current researches ==
== Pharmacological Profile & Mechanisms ==
''Allium sativum'' exerts therapeutic effects predominantly through organosulfur compounds released when alliinase enzymatically cleaves alliin upon tissue crushing or damage. These compounds modulate vascular reactivity, lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, and gene expression involved in apoptosis and inflammation.<ref name="Batiha2020" />


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Properties  
|+ Pharmacological Properties and Bioactivities of ''Allium sativum''
! Therapeutic Category !! Primary Active Compounds !! Key Molecular Targets & Bioactivities
|-
|-
! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
| '''Cardiovascular & Antihypertensive''' || Allicin, S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) || Endothelial nitric oxide synthase upregulation, hydrogen sulfide production, arterial vasodilation
|-
|-
| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Pungent (katu), Bitter (tikta), Sweet (madhura), Lavana (salt), Astringent (kashaya)
| '''Antihyperlipidemic & Antithrombotic''' || Ajoene, Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) || HMG-CoA reductase inhibition, platelet aggregation blockade via thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> suppression
|-
| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)
|-
| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
|-
| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Unctuous (snigdha), Sharp (tikshna), Sliminess (picchila), Heavy (guru), Mobility (sara),  
|-
|-
| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify [[kapha]] and [[vata]], increases [[pitta]]
| '''Antimicrobial & Antifungal''' || Allicin, Diallyl disulfide (DADS) || Thiol-containing enzyme oxidation, membrane permeability disruption in bacteria and fungi
|-
|-
| '''Anticancer & Immunomodulatory''' || DATS, DADS, Organosulfurs || G<sub>2</sub>/M phase cell cycle arrest, caspase activation, p53 upregulation, NK cell stimulation
|}
|}
 
== Current availability==


Available
== Key Clinical & Preclinical Evidence ==
 
=== Cardiovascular & Antihypertensive Action ===
Clinical meta-analyses confirm that standardized garlic preparations significantly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Mechanisms center on endothelial nitric oxide stimulation and hydrogen sulfide generation, promoting systemic vascular smooth muscle relaxation.<ref name="Ried2020" />
 
=== Lipid Modulation & Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects ===
Organosulfur constituents suppress hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Clinical evaluations demonstrate consistent reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alongside reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification.<ref name="Varshney2016" />
 
=== Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity ===
Allicin readily crosses microbial cell membranes and reacts rapidly with thiol-containing enzymes (such as alcohol dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase), demonstrating potent bactericidal, antifungal, and antiviral activity against pathogens including ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' and ''[[Candida albicans]]''.<ref name="Harris2001" />
 
=== Oncological & Apoptotic Modulation ===
Preclinical xenografts and cellular models demonstrate that diallyl sulfides inhibit cancer cell growth via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulation of p53, suppression of NF-κB, and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in gastrointestinal and prostate malignancies.<ref name="Shang2019" />
 
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Batiha2020">{{cite journal |last1=El-Saber Batiha |first1=G. |last2=Beshbishy |first2=A. M. |last3=Wasef |first3=L. G. |title=Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review |journal=Nutrients |volume=12 |issue=3 |year=2020 |pages=872 |doi=10.3390/nu12030872}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Harris2001">{{cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=J. C. |last2=Cottrell |first2=S. L. |last3=Plummer |first3=S. |last4=Lloyd |first4=D. |title=Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic) |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |volume=57 |issue=3 |year=2001 |pages=282–286 |doi=10.1007/s002530100722}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Ried2020">{{cite journal |last1=Ried |first1=K. |title=Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, regulates serum cholesterol, and stimulates immunity: An updated meta-analysis and review |journal=The Journal of Nutrition |volume=150 |issue=7 |year=2020 |pages=1774–1783 |doi=10.1093/jn/nxaa082}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Shang2019">{{cite journal |last1=Shang |first1=A. |last2=Cao |first2=S. Y. |last3=Xu |first3=X. Y. |title=Bioactive compounds and biological functions of garlic (Allium sativum L.) |journal=Foods |volume=8 |issue=7 |year=2019 |pages=246 |doi=10.3390/foods8070246}}</ref>


== Current researches ==
<ref name="Varshney2016">{{cite journal |last1=Varshney |first1=R. |last2=Budoff |first2=M. J. |title=Garlic and heart disease |journal=The Journal of Nutrition |volume=146 |issue=2 |year=2016 |pages=416S–421S |doi=10.3945/jn.114.202333}}</ref>
}}
"""
==External Links==


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
[https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Allium%20sativum IMPPAT database]
  This article is under development ..
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals|Herbs]]

Revision as of 07:02, 17 August 2026


Allium sativum L.

Lashuna
Section/Chapter Herb database/Lashuna
Botanical name(s) Allium sativum L.
Family Liliaceae
Availability Available
Contributors Team Dravyaguna
Year of publication 2026
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

Lashuna (Allium sativum L.) or Garlic is a prominent therapeutic plant widely utilized in Ayurveda and modern pharmacotherapy for its broad spectrum of biological activities, particularly cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and oncological applications.

General Overview

Therapeutic uses

Jirna jwara(chronic fever), Krumiroga(worms), gulma(abdominal lumps), kushtha(skin disease),Arsha(haemorrhoids),Kasa(cough),Swasa(breathlessness), pinasa(running nose), sula(pain), karnasoola(earache), vatavyadhi, hikka,medoroga, yoni vyapada(diseases of vagina),visuchika,plihavruddhi(spleenomegaly),kshaya, vishamajwara,unmada,apasmara, sopha(swelling),hrudaroga(heart disease), vrana(wound)trikashool[1]

Other varieties

  • Allium arenarium Sadler ex Rchb. 1830 not L. 1753
  • Allium controversum Schrad. ex Wild.
  • Allium longicuspis Regel
  • Allium ophioscorodon Link
  • Allium pekinense Prokh.
  • Porrum ophioscorodon (Link) Rchb.
  • Porrum sativum (L.) Rchb. 1830 not (L.) Mill. 1768

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Lashuna, Rasona, Ugragandha, Arishta

Synonyms in bhavaprakash nighantu

Mahaushadha(because it use in many disease), Mlecchakanda(liked by mlecha as it is used to prepared dishes), Yavaneshta(liked by foreigners)[2]

Types

Dhanvantari nighantu

Mentioned 2 types[3]

  1. Rasona
  2. Mahakanda

Raja nighantu

Mentioned 4 types[4]

  1. Rasona
  2. Shweta rasona
  3. Grunjana
  4. Rakta rasona

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Properties
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Pungent (katu), Bitter (tikta), Sweet (madhura), Lavana (salt), Astringent (kashaya)
2 Potency (veerya) Hot (ushna)
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Pungent (katu)
4 Qualities (guna) Unctuous (snigdha), Sharp (tikshna), Sliminess (picchila), Heavy (guru), Mobility (sara),
5 Actions (karma) Pacify kapha and vata, increases pitta

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/5 Shirovirechana (Errhine therapy)
2 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 3/4 Siddhatama churna pradeha(external application)
3 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/176 Harita Varga(class of green herbs)
4 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 26/84 Viruddha ahara (incompatible substances)
5 Cha.Sa.Nidana Sthana 2/4 Nidana of Raktapitta (cause of bleeding disorder)
6 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 6/17 Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa (treatment of worm)
7 Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/34 Garbhasya pratimasika karma
8 Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/47 Jatamatra balaka paricharya
9 Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/56 Kshira vishodhana dravya(treatment of vitiated breast milk)
10 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/94 Ingredient of Lashuna Kshirpaka
11 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/177 Vilayan of Rakta Gulma
12 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/111 Ingredient in Kanakakshiri Taila
13 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/49 Ingredient in Lashunadya Ghrita
14 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/52 Ingredient in Apara lashunadya Ghrita
15 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/53 Ingredient in Apara lashunadya Ghrita
16 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/64 Used as Nasya and Anjana prayogarth
17 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/35 Ingredient in Palankashadi taila
18 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/64 Ingredient in Atattvabhinivesha nashak yoga
19 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/9 As nidana of arsha roga(cause of hemorrhoids)
20 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/70 As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada
21 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/150 Used in Kaphaja Pratishyaya(running nose)
22 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/177 As an ingredient of Mulaka taila

Dose

  • 3gm of the drug[5]

Important formulatios

As per A.P.I.[6]

  • Lashunadi vati
  • Lashunadi ghruta
  • Vacha lashunadi taila

Current availability

Available India - All over India

Current researches

Pharmacological Profile & Mechanisms

Allium sativum exerts therapeutic effects predominantly through organosulfur compounds released when alliinase enzymatically cleaves alliin upon tissue crushing or damage. These compounds modulate vascular reactivity, lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, and gene expression involved in apoptosis and inflammation.[7]

Pharmacological Properties and Bioactivities of Allium sativum
Therapeutic Category Primary Active Compounds Key Molecular Targets & Bioactivities
Cardiovascular & Antihypertensive Allicin, S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase upregulation, hydrogen sulfide production, arterial vasodilation
Antihyperlipidemic & Antithrombotic Ajoene, Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) HMG-CoA reductase inhibition, platelet aggregation blockade via thromboxane A2 suppression
Antimicrobial & Antifungal Allicin, Diallyl disulfide (DADS) Thiol-containing enzyme oxidation, membrane permeability disruption in bacteria and fungi
Anticancer & Immunomodulatory DATS, DADS, Organosulfurs G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, caspase activation, p53 upregulation, NK cell stimulation

Key Clinical & Preclinical Evidence

Cardiovascular & Antihypertensive Action

Clinical meta-analyses confirm that standardized garlic preparations significantly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Mechanisms center on endothelial nitric oxide stimulation and hydrogen sulfide generation, promoting systemic vascular smooth muscle relaxation.[8]

Lipid Modulation & Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects

Organosulfur constituents suppress hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Clinical evaluations demonstrate consistent reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alongside reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification.[9]

Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity

Allicin readily crosses microbial cell membranes and reacts rapidly with thiol-containing enzymes (such as alcohol dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase), demonstrating potent bactericidal, antifungal, and antiviral activity against pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.[10]

Oncological & Apoptotic Modulation

Preclinical xenografts and cellular models demonstrate that diallyl sulfides inhibit cancer cell growth via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulation of p53, suppression of NF-κB, and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in gastrointestinal and prostate malignancies.[11]

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50
  2. ↑ Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, haritakyadi varga,verse no.217
  3. ↑ Pro. Dr. zarkhande oza , dr.umapati Mishra , dhanvanatari Nighantu. Edition 2016, Chaukhambha surbharti prakasana,karaviradi varga verse no. 62,63
  4. ↑ Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, mulakadi varga verse no- 50,51,53,54
  5. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50
  6. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50
  7. ↑ El-Saber Batiha, G.; Beshbishy, A. M.; Wasef, L. G. (2020). "Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review". Nutrients. 12 (3): 872. doi:10.3390/nu12030872. 
  8. ↑ Ried, K. (2020). "Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, regulates serum cholesterol, and stimulates immunity: An updated meta-analysis and review". The Journal of Nutrition. 150 (7): 1774–1783. doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa082. 
  9. ↑ Varshney, R.; Budoff, M. J. (2016). "Garlic and heart disease". The Journal of Nutrition. 146 (2): 416S–421S. doi:10.3945/jn.114.202333. 
  10. ↑ Harris, J. C.; Cottrell, S. L.; Plummer, S.; Lloyd, D. (2001). "Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic)". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 57 (3): 282–286. doi:10.1007/s002530100722. 
  11. ↑ Shang, A.; Cao, S. Y.; Xu, X. Y. (2019). "Bioactive compounds and biological functions of garlic (Allium sativum L.)". Foods. 8 (7): 246. doi:10.3390/foods8070246. 

"""

External Links

IMPPAT database

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