Panchakarma: Difference between revisions
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The word panchakarma is composed of two words, ‘pancha’ and ‘karma’. Pancha means five and karma means ‘action’<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Karman, Page 258</ref> | The word panchakarma is composed of two words, ‘pancha’ and ‘karma’. Pancha means five and karma means ‘action’.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Karman, Page 258</ref> In this context karma represents therapeutic procedure or treatment given by a physician. Thus, Panchakarma means the five kinds of therapeutic procedures or treatments. This includes therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]), therapeutic purgation ([[virechana]]), therapeutic enema with decoction (niruha), therapeutic enema with unctuous substances (anuvasana) and trans-nasal drug administration ([[nasya]]). These procedures are intended to maintain equilibrium in body by expelling the excessively aggravated [[dosha]] outside through nearest external route. [Chakrapani on [[Sutra Sthana]] 2/15] [Su.Sa.Chi.33/3]. These are indicated as seasonal regimen for preservation of health and prevention of diseases. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 7/45-50] | ||
{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
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#Therapeutic purgation ([[Virechana]]) | #Therapeutic purgation ([[Virechana]]) | ||
#Trans nasal drug administration([[Nasya]]) | #Trans nasal drug administration([[Nasya]]) | ||
#Therapeutic enema with decoction (Niruha[[basti]]) | #Therapeutic enema with decoction (Niruha [[basti]]) | ||
#Therapeutic enema with unctuous substances (Anuvasana[[basti]]) | #Therapeutic enema with unctuous substances (Anuvasana [[basti]]) | ||
#Bloodletting ([[Raktamoksha]]) | #Bloodletting ([[Raktamoksha]]) | ||
==Inclusion of bloodletting ([[raktamoksha]]) in panchakarma== | ==Inclusion of bloodletting ([[raktamoksha]]) in panchakarma== | ||
There are differences in opinions about inclusion of bloodletting ([[raktamokshana]]) in five purification procedures. The total number remains five only as they combine two types of enema (unctuous and non-unctuous) in single procedure[A.H.Su.14/5]. However, this inclusion is not supported by Charak as it does not fulfill the inclusion criteria with fundamental principles of purification. The reasons are as below: | There are differences in opinions about inclusion of bloodletting ([[raktamokshana]]) in five purification procedures. The total number remains five only as they combine two types of enema (unctuous and non-unctuous) in single procedure [A.H.Su.14/5]. However, this inclusion is not supported by Charak as it does not fulfill the inclusion criteria with fundamental principles of purification. The reasons are as below: | ||
#Panchakarma are intended to expel out [[dosha]] only. Blood ([[rakta]]) is a body component under category of [[dhatu]], not [[dosha]]. | #Panchakarma are intended to expel out [[dosha]] only. Blood ([[rakta]]) is a body component under category of [[dhatu]], not [[dosha]]. | ||
#The principles of purification state to take aggravated [[dosha]] from periphery (shakha) to gut (koshtha) by preparatory procedures. Then the [[dosha]] is removed through nearest external opening of body. In case of bloodletting, the [[dosha]] in periphery are removed through artificial opening created by using some instrument. | #The principles of purification state to take aggravated [[dosha]] from periphery (shakha) to gut (koshtha) by preparatory procedures. Then the [[dosha]] is removed through nearest external opening of body. In case of bloodletting, the [[dosha]] in periphery are removed through artificial opening created by using some instrument. | ||
#Panchakarma procedures are intended towards generalized purification of whole body with additional benefits on mind and senses. However, [[raktamokshan]] mostly shows limited local benefits on purification of [[rakta | #Panchakarma procedures are intended towards generalized purification of whole body with additional benefits on mind and senses. However, [[raktamokshan]] mostly shows limited local benefits on purification of [[rakta dhatu]]. | ||
==Principles of | ==Principles of panchakarma == | ||
The following principles are applied in panchakarma procedures: | The following principles are applied in panchakarma procedures: | ||
#The procedure is intended to correct imbalance in body physiology. It shall remove excessively aggravated [[dosha]] and bring them to normal state. | #The procedure is intended to correct imbalance in body physiology. It shall remove excessively aggravated [[dosha]] and bring them to normal state. | ||
#The procedure is performed only in a state of excess aggravation (bahu[[dosha]]) and natural tendency to get removed (utklesha) through nearest natural orifice. | #The procedure is performed only in a state of excess aggravation (bahu [[dosha]]) and natural tendency to get removed (utklesha) through nearest natural orifice. | ||
#If the [[dosha]] are in dormant state (leena[[dosha]]), then procedure is performed after bringing them to gut (koshtha) from periphery (shakha). The following factors lead to movement of [[dosha]] from periphery to gut. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/33] | #If the [[dosha]] are in dormant state (leena [[dosha]]), then procedure is performed after bringing them to gut (koshtha) from periphery (shakha). The following factors lead to movement of [[dosha]] from periphery to gut. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 28/33] | ||
*Aggravation of [[dosha]] (vriddhi) | *Aggravation of [[dosha]] (vriddhi) | ||
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*Pacification of [[vata]] (vayunigraha) | *Pacification of [[vata]] (vayunigraha) | ||
==General protocol for conducting panchakarma== | == General protocol for conducting panchakarma == | ||
For safe and effective administration, each procedure is conducted in the following three steps: | For safe and effective administration, each procedure is conducted in the following three steps: | ||
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#Post therapy regimen (Pashchatkarma) | #Post therapy regimen (Pashchatkarma) | ||
===Preparation of patient(Purvakarma)=== | === Preparation of patient(Purvakarma) === | ||
This includes the therapies prior to a panchakarma procedure. These are mainly intended for bringing [[dosha]] in gut. The general therapies are as below: | This includes the therapies prior to a panchakarma procedure. These are mainly intended for bringing [[dosha]] in gut. The general therapies are as below: | ||
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The medicines and time span for these preparatory procedures varies according to type of procedure and biological condition of patient or individual undergoing treatment. | The medicines and time span for these preparatory procedures varies according to type of procedure and biological condition of patient or individual undergoing treatment. | ||
===Main procedure( | ===Main procedure (Pradhana karma)=== | ||
The main procedure is performed based upon the disease conditions, site of [[dosha]] vitiation and nearest route to expel it. If a healthy person is following these procedures for preservation of health, then the general sequence includes therapeutic emesis, followed by purgation, unctuous enema, enema with decoction, trans-nasal drug administration. For management of disease, one or more procedures are performed till [[dosha]] equilibrium is achieved. Specific parameters based on end-results of [[dosha]] state (antiki), number of episodes (vegiki) and clinical features observed (laingiki) are observed during each procedure to assess efficacy of therapy. | The main procedure is performed based upon the disease conditions, site of [[dosha]] vitiation and nearest route to expel it. If a healthy person is following these procedures for preservation of health, then the general sequence includes therapeutic emesis, followed by purgation, unctuous enema, enema with decoction, trans-nasal drug administration. For management of disease, one or more procedures are performed till [[dosha]] equilibrium is achieved. Specific parameters based on end-results of [[dosha]] state (antiki), number of episodes (vegiki) and clinical features observed (laingiki) are observed during each procedure to assess efficacy of therapy. | ||
===Post therapy regimen( | ===Post therapy regimen(Pashchat karma)=== | ||
Specific regimen (samsarjana krama) is indicated after completion of the main procedure. The strength is weakened due to expulsion of [[dosha]] outside. Therefore, in order to regain the strength of body and correct digestion, certain guidelines in diet and lifestyle must be followed. | Specific regimen (samsarjana krama) is indicated after completion of the main procedure. The strength is weakened due to expulsion of [[dosha]] outside. Therefore, in order to regain the strength of body and correct digestion, certain guidelines in diet and lifestyle must be followed. | ||
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*Affliction and obstruction of [[Vata]][[dosha]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 22/19] | *Affliction and obstruction of [[Vata]][[dosha]]. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 22/19] | ||
The state of excess aggravation of dosha is observed by following clinical features: | The state of excess aggravation of dosha is observed by following clinical features: | ||
Indigestion, anorexia, corpulence, anemia, heaviness, exhaustion, eruption of pimples and wheals (bumps or itchy sores), pruritis, sluggishness, indolence, weakness, foul smell of the body, lassitude, precipitation (utklesha) of [[kapha]] and [[pitta]], sleeplessness or excessive drowsiness, impotency, impediment to intelligence, inauspicious dreams, and loss of strength and complexion inspite of taking nourishing diet and correct therapy. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 16/13-15] | Indigestion, anorexia, corpulence, anemia, heaviness, exhaustion, eruption of pimples and wheals (bumps or itchy sores), pruritis, sluggishness, indolence, weakness, foul smell of the body, lassitude, precipitation (utklesha) of [[kapha]] and [[pitta]], sleeplessness or excessive drowsiness, impotency, impediment to intelligence, inauspicious dreams, and loss of strength and complexion inspite of taking nourishing diet and correct therapy. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 16/13-15] | ||
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==More information== | ==More information== | ||
[[Apamarga Tanduliya Adhyaya]], [[Snehadhyaya]], [[Swedadhyaya]], [[Upakalpaniya Adhyaya]], [[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya]], [[Kalpana Siddhi]], [[Panchakarmiya Siddhi]], [[Bastisutriyam Siddhi]], [[Snehavyapat Siddhi]], [[Netrabastivyapat Siddhi]], [[Vamana Virechana Vyapat Siddhi]], [[Bastivyapat Siddhi]], [[Prasrita Yogiyam Siddhi]], [[Trimarmiya Siddhi]], [[Basti Siddhi]], [[Phalamatra Siddhi]], [[Uttar Basti Siddhi]] | [[Apamarga Tanduliya Adhyaya]], [[Snehadhyaya]], [[Swedadhyaya]], [[Upakalpaniya Adhyaya]], [[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya]], [[Kalpana Siddhi]], [[Panchakarmiya Siddhi]], [[Bastisutriyam Siddhi]], [[Snehavyapat Siddhi]], [[Netrabastivyapat Siddhi]], [[Vamana Virechana Vyapat Siddhi]], [[Bastivyapat Siddhi]], [[Prasrita Yogiyam Siddhi]], [[Trimarmiya Siddhi]], [[Basti Siddhi]], [[Phalamatra Siddhi]], [[Uttar Basti Siddhi]] | ||
===Related Articles=== | ===Related Articles=== | ||
[[Vamana]] | [[Vamana]] [[Virechana]] [[Basti]] [[Nasya]] [[Raktamoksha]] [[Snehana]] [[Swedana]] | ||
[[Virechana]] | |||
[[Basti]] | |||
[[Nasya]] | |||
[[Raktamoksha]] | |||
[[Snehana]] | |||
[[Swedana]] | |||
===List of references=== | ===List of references=== | ||