Manjishtha: Difference between revisions

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''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_cordifolia Rubia cordifolia]'' (Manjishtha)

{{Infobox

|title = Manjishtha

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|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|label8 = DOI

|data8 = ~~Awaited~~

|data8 = {{DoiWithLink}}

}}

~~[[File:Manjishtha.jpg|thumb|'''Manjishtha(''Rubia cordifolia'')''']]~~

''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_cordifolia Rubia cordifolia]'' (Manjishtha) is a perennial climbing herb distributed widely across the Indian subcontinent, East Asia, and parts of Africa. Historically categorized in Ayurvedic pharmacopeias as a primary ''Raktashodhaka'' (blood-purifying agent) and ''Varnya'' (complexion-enhancing herb).<ref name="API">Anonymous. ''The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India''. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3: 52.</ref> Modern pharmacological investigations validate its multi-target therapeutic activities. Its principal active constituents—anthraquinones, naphthoquinones, bicyclic hexapeptides, and triterpenoids—exhibit documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, dermatological, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties.

''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_cordifolia Rubia cordifolia]'' (Manjishtha) is a perennial climbing herb distributed widely across the Indian subcontinent, East Asia, and parts of Africa. Historically categorized in Ayurvedic pharmacopeias as a primary ''Raktashodhaka'' (blood-purifying agent) and ''Varnya'' (complexion-enhancing herb).<ref name="API">Anonymous. ''The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India''. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3: 52.</ref> Modern pharmacological investigations validate its multi-target therapeutic activities. Its principal active constituents—anthraquinones, naphthoquinones, bicyclic hexapeptides, and triterpenoids—exhibit documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, dermatological, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties.[[File:Manjishtha.jpg|thumb|'''Manjishtha(''Rubia cordifolia'')''']]

== Synonyms in Classical Texts ==

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{| class="wikitable"

! Target Domain !! Experimental Model !! Key Findings / Outcome ~~!! Citation~~

! Target Domain !! Experimental Model !! Key Findings / Outcome

|-

| '''Dermatology''' || In vitro / In vivo (Psoriasis Models) || Quinones (Alizarin, Purpurin) suppressed TNF-α-activated keratinocytes; reduced epidermal hyperplasia. || <ref name="Lin2025" />

| '''Dermatology''' || In vitro / In vivo (Psoriasis Models) || Quinones (Alizarin, Purpurin) suppressed TNF-α-activated keratinocytes; reduced epidermal hyperplasia.<ref name="Lin2025" />

|-

| '''Microbiology''' || In vitro Anti-acne assays || Ethanolic extracts inhibited ''C. acnes'' and ''S. epidermidis'' growth comparably to standard clindamycin gel formulations. || <ref name="Nipanikar2017" />

| '''Microbiology''' || In vitro Anti-acne assays || Ethanolic extracts inhibited ''C. acnes'' and ''S. epidermidis'' growth comparably to standard clindamycin gel formulations.<ref name="Nipanikar2017" />

|-

| '''Neuroprotection''' || STZ-induced Diabetic Rats || Attenuated neuropathic pain; lowered Bax:Bcl-2 apoptosis ratio and cleaved caspase-3 in sciatic nerves. || <ref name="Bana2023" />

| '''Neuroprotection''' || STZ-induced Diabetic Rats || Attenuated neuropathic pain; lowered Bax:Bcl-2 apoptosis ratio and cleaved caspase-3 in sciatic nerves.<ref name="Bana2023" />

|-

| '''Immunology''' || Inflammatory Skin Models (Lichen Planus) || Downregulated CD69 expression, reducing T-cell proliferation and serum IL-2/IFN-γ levels. ||

| '''Immunology''' || Inflammatory Skin Models (Lichen Planus) || Downregulated CD69 expression, reducing T-cell proliferation and serum IL-2/IFN-γ levels.

|-

| '''Antioxidant''' || Lipid Peroxidation Assays || Inhibited TBARS formation and scavenged free DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. ||

| '''Antioxidant''' || Lipid Peroxidation Assays || Inhibited TBARS formation and scavenged free DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner.

|}

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 |type=article
 }}
+''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_cordifolia Rubia cordifolia]'' (Manjishtha)
 {{Infobox
 |title = Manjishtha
@@ Line 25: / Line 27: @@
 |data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
 |label8 = DOI
-|data8  = Awaited
+|data8  = {{DoiWithLink}}
 }}
-[[File:Manjishtha.jpg|thumb|'''Manjishtha(''Rubia cordifolia'')''']]
-''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_cordifolia Rubia cordifolia]'' (Manjishtha) is a perennial climbing herb distributed widely across the Indian subcontinent, East Asia, and parts of Africa. Historically categorized in Ayurvedic pharmacopeias as a primary ''Raktashodhaka'' (blood-purifying agent) and ''Varnya'' (complexion-enhancing herb).<ref name="API">Anonymous. ''The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India''. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3: 52.</ref> Modern pharmacological investigations validate its multi-target therapeutic activities. Its principal active constituents—anthraquinones, naphthoquinones, bicyclic hexapeptides, and triterpenoids—exhibit documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, dermatological, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties.
+''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_cordifolia Rubia cordifolia]'' (Manjishtha) is a perennial climbing herb distributed widely across the Indian subcontinent, East Asia, and parts of Africa. Historically categorized in Ayurvedic pharmacopeias as a primary ''Raktashodhaka'' (blood-purifying agent) and ''Varnya'' (complexion-enhancing herb).<ref name="API">Anonymous. ''The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India''. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3: 52.</ref> Modern pharmacological investigations validate its multi-target therapeutic activities. Its principal active constituents—anthraquinones, naphthoquinones, bicyclic hexapeptides, and triterpenoids—exhibit documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, dermatological, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties.[[File:Manjishtha.jpg|thumb|'''Manjishtha(''Rubia cordifolia'')''']]
 == Synonyms in Classical Texts ==
@@ Line 231: / Line 233: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
-! Target Domain !! Experimental Model !! Key Findings / Outcome !! Citation
+! Target Domain !! Experimental Model !! Key Findings / Outcome
 |-
-| '''Dermatology''' || In vitro / In vivo (Psoriasis Models) || Quinones (Alizarin, Purpurin) suppressed TNF-α-activated keratinocytes; reduced epidermal hyperplasia. || <ref name="Lin2025" />
+| '''Dermatology''' || In vitro / In vivo (Psoriasis Models) || Quinones (Alizarin, Purpurin) suppressed TNF-α-activated keratinocytes; reduced epidermal hyperplasia.<ref name="Lin2025" />
 |-
-| '''Microbiology''' || In vitro Anti-acne assays || Ethanolic extracts inhibited ''C. acnes'' and ''S. epidermidis'' growth comparably to standard clindamycin gel formulations. || <ref name="Nipanikar2017" />
+| '''Microbiology''' || In vitro Anti-acne assays || Ethanolic extracts inhibited ''C. acnes'' and ''S. epidermidis'' growth comparably to standard clindamycin gel formulations.<ref name="Nipanikar2017" />
 |-
-| '''Neuroprotection''' || STZ-induced Diabetic Rats || Attenuated neuropathic pain; lowered Bax:Bcl-2 apoptosis ratio and cleaved caspase-3 in sciatic nerves. || <ref name="Bana2023" />
+| '''Neuroprotection''' || STZ-induced Diabetic Rats || Attenuated neuropathic pain; lowered Bax:Bcl-2 apoptosis ratio and cleaved caspase-3 in sciatic nerves.<ref name="Bana2023" />
 |-
-| '''Immunology''' || Inflammatory Skin Models (Lichen Planus) || Downregulated CD69 expression, reducing T-cell proliferation and serum IL-2/IFN-γ levels. ||
+| '''Immunology''' || Inflammatory Skin Models (Lichen Planus) || Downregulated CD69 expression, reducing T-cell proliferation and serum IL-2/IFN-γ levels.
 |-
-| '''Antioxidant''' || Lipid Peroxidation Assays || Inhibited TBARS formation and scavenged free DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner. ||
+| '''Antioxidant''' || Lipid Peroxidation Assays || Inhibited TBARS formation and scavenged free DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner.
 |}