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Dridhabala (talk | contribs) Created page with "{{Infobox plant | name = Talisapatra | image = Abies_webbiana.jpg | image_caption = Foliage of ''Abies webbiana'' (Talisapatra) | binomial_name = ''Abies webbiana'' | family = Pinaceae (Coniferae) | common_names = Himalayan silver fir, Himalayan yew | synonyms = ''Talisa'', ''Patradhya'', ''Dhatripatra'' }} '''Talisapatra''' (Latin: ''Abies webbiana'', English: '''Himalayan yew''' / '''Himalayan silver fir..." |
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{{ | {{#seo: | ||
| | |title=Talisapatra | ||
| | |titlemode=append | ||
| | |keywords=Talisa, Talisapatra, Abies webbiana Lindl., Abies spectabilis, Himalayan silver fir, therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda | ||
| | |description=Talisapatra (Abies webbiana Lindl.) is traditionally classified as kapha-vata hara, deepana (digestive stimulant) and chedana, and is widely used in Ayurveda for respiratory disorders, cough (kasa), asthma (shwasa) and anorexia. | ||
| | |image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg | ||
| | |image_alt=charak samhita | ||
| | |type=article | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Talisapatra''' (Latin: ''Abies webbiana'' | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abies_spectabilis Abies webbiana Lindl.] | ||
{{Infobox | |||
|title = Talisapatra (Talisa) | |||
|label1 = Section/Chapter | |||
|data1 = Herb database/Talisa | |||
|label2 = Botanical name(s) | |||
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abies_spectabilis Abies webbiana Lindl.] | |||
|label3 = Family | |||
|data3 = Pinaceae | |||
|label4 = Availability | |||
|data4 = Available | |||
|label5 = Contributors | |||
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]] | |||
|label6 = Year of publication | |||
|data6 = 2026 | |||
|label7 = Publisher | |||
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]] | |||
|label8 = DOI | |||
|data8 = Awaited | |||
}} | |||
'''Talisapatra''' (Latin: ''Abies webbiana'' Lindl.; synonym: ''Abies spectabilis'' (D.Don) Spach; family: Pinaceae) is a tall, evergreen coniferous tree native to the high-altitude Himalayan belt. In [[Ayurveda]], its aromatic leaves are regarded as an important expectorant, bronchodilator, carminative and Kapha-Vata pacifying drug, and are the principal ingredient of ''Talisadi Churna''.<ref name="API" /> | |||
== Botanical & Vernacular Names == | == Botanical & Vernacular Names == | ||
* ''' | * '''Botanical Name:''' ''Abies webbiana'' Lindl. / ''Abies spectabilis'' (D.Don) Spach | ||
* '''Family:''' Coniferae | * '''Family:''' Pinaceae (Coniferae) | ||
* '''English | * '''English Names:''' Himalayan silver fir, East Himalayan fir, Indian silver fir | ||
* '''Sanskrit / Classical | * '''Sanskrit / Classical Names:''' ''Talisapatra'', ''Talisa'', ''Patradhya'' | ||
* '''Hindi:''' Talispatra, Chilrow | |||
* '''Bengali:''' Talishpatra, Talish | |||
* '''Tamil:''' Talisapatri | |||
* '''Telugu:''' Taleesapatri | |||
== Synonyms in Classical Texts == | == Synonyms in Classical Texts == | ||
* '''Synonyms in | * '''Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu:'''<ref name="Bhavaprakash" /> | ||
** ''Talisa'' | ** ''Talisa'' – Traditional designation. | ||
** ''Patradhya'' – | ** ''Patradhya'' – Having abundant, prominent foliage. | ||
** ''Dhatripatra'' – | ** ''Dhatripatra'' – Leaves resembling the feathery foliage of Amalaki (''Phyllanthus emblica''). | ||
** ''Madhurapatra'' – Leaves with a faint sweet aftertaste. | |||
== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties == | == Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties == | ||
According to Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics | According to classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics (''Rasa Panchaka''), Talisapatra has hot potency and lightness, which makes it useful against obstructive mucus and cold (''sheeta'') conditions:<ref name="API" /> | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" | ||
! Sr. No. !! Pharmacological Criteria !! Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes) | ! Sr. No. !! Pharmacological Criteria !! Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || '''Taste (''[[Rasa]]'')''' || Sweet (''Madhura''), | | 1 || '''Taste (''[[Rasa]]'')''' || Sweet (''Madhura''), Bitter (''Tikta''), Pungent (''Katu'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 || '''Potency (''[[Veerya]]'')''' || Hot (''Ushna'') | | 2 || '''Potency (''[[Veerya]]'')''' || Hot (''Ushna'') | ||
| Line 35: | Line 62: | ||
| 3 || '''Post-digestion Effect (''[[Vipaka]]'')''' || Pungent (''Katu'') | | 3 || '''Post-digestion Effect (''[[Vipaka]]'')''' || Pungent (''Katu'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 || '''Qualities (''[[Guna]]'')''' || Light (''Laghu''), Sharp (''Tikshna'') | | 4 || '''Qualities (''[[Guna]]'')''' || Light (''Laghu''), Sharp / Penetrating (''Tikshna'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 || ''' | | 5 || '''Dosha Action (''[[Karma]]'')''' || Pacifies Kapha and Vata (''Kapha-Vatahara'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 || '''Specific | | 6 || '''Specific Actions (''[[Karma]]'')''' || Expectorant and anti-tussive (''Kasahara''), Bronchodilatory (''Swasahara''), Digestive stimulant (''Deepana''), Cardiac tonic (''Hrudya''), Carminative (''Vatanulomana'') | ||
|} | |} | ||
== References in Charaka Samhita == | == References in Charaka Samhita == | ||
Talisapatra is documented | <!-- VERIFY each verse number below against the Sanskrit text before publication. --> | ||
Talisapatra is documented in several therapeutic formulations within the ''[[Charaka Samhita]]'': | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" | ||
! Sr. No. !! Reference in | ! Sr. No. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Context / Formulation / Application | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/41 || | | 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/41 || Indicated in fumigation and therapeutic pastes during post-delivery management for placenta expulsion (''Apara Patana'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/143 || Ingredient of ''Tejovatyadi Ghrita'' | | 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/143 || Ingredient of ''Tejovatyadi Ghrita'' for dyspnea and cough | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/192 || Ingredient of ''Kalaka Churna'' | | 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/192 || Ingredient of ''Kalaka Churna'' for throat and oral afflictions | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/30 || Used as | | 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/30 || Used as an aromatic adjuvant (''Yoga Dravya'') in gastrointestinal and Vata disorders | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Therapeutic | == Therapeutic Indications (Classical) == | ||
Talisapatra is | Talisapatra is traditionally indicated in:<ref name="API" /> | ||
* ''Kasa'' (Cough / Bronchitis) | * ''Kasa'' (Cough / Bronchitis / Tracheitis) | ||
* '' | * ''Swasa'' (Dyspnea / Asthma / COPD) | ||
* ''Hikka'' (Hiccups) | * ''Hikka'' (Hiccups) | ||
* '' | * ''Agnimandhya'' & ''Aruchi'' (Hypochlorhydria / Anorexia / Loss of taste) | ||
* ''Amadosha'' (Impaired digestion / Metabolic toxins) | |||
* ''Gulma'' (Abdominal lump / Phantom tumor) | |||
* '' | * ''Kshaya'' (Phthisis / Chronic pulmonary debility / Wasting disease) | ||
* ''Gulma'' (Abdominal | |||
* '' | |||
* ''Chardi'' (Vomiting / Emesis) | * ''Chardi'' (Vomiting / Emesis) | ||
* '' | * ''Krumi'' (Intestinal parasites / Helminthiasis) | ||
* ''Mukharoga'' (Disorders of the oral cavity) | |||
== Dosage & Administration == | == Dosage & Administration == | ||
* '''Powder (''Churna''):''' 2 – 3 g of | * '''Powder (''Churna''):''' 2–3 g of dried leaf powder daily in divided doses, traditionally taken with honey or warm water.<ref name="API" /> | ||
== | == Classical Formulations == | ||
* ''Talisadi Churna'' | * ''Talisadi Churna'' | ||
* ''Talisadi Modaka'' | |||
* ''Drakshadi Churna'' | |||
* ''Bhaskara Lavana'' | * ''Bhaskara Lavana'' | ||
* ''Pranada Gutika'' | * ''Pranada Gutika'' | ||
* ''Jatiphaladi Churna'' | * ''Jatiphaladi Churna'' | ||
* ''Puga Khanda'' | * ''Puga Khanda'' | ||
* '' | |||
== Current Researches == | |||
=== Phytochemical Composition === | |||
Phytochemical work on ''Abies webbiana'' leaves has reported essential oil, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and an alkaloid: | |||
* '''Alkaloid:''' 1-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-aziridine was isolated from the leaf and is the first alkaloid reported from this species.<ref name="Ghosh2010" /> | |||
* '''Flavonoids:''' A flavonoid isolated from the leaves (identified as a quercetin derivative) showed hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity in rats.<ref name="Yadav2016" /> The biflavonoid abiesin has also been reported.<ref name="Ghosh2010" /> | |||
* '''Other constituents:''' The essential oil is reported to contain monoterpenes such as α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene and camphene. | |||
=== Pharmacological Activities === | |||
==== Bronchodilator & Antispasmodic Activity ==== | |||
Classical texts describe Talisapatra as ''Swasahara'' (relieving dyspnea). | |||
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' The crude extract of ''A. webbiana'' caused complete relaxation of spontaneous and K<sup>+</sup>-induced contractions in rabbit jejunum, and relaxed carbachol- and K<sup>+</sup>-induced contractions in isolated rabbit trachea, comparable to verapamil. The authors proposed calcium-channel blockade as the likely mechanism.<ref name="Yasin2014" /> | |||
==== Antitussive Activity ==== | |||
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' In mice with sulphur dioxide-induced cough, the oral methanol extract of the leaves (400 and 600 mg/kg) inhibited cough frequency by 71.69% and 78.67% respectively, an effect comparable to codeine phosphate.<ref name="Nayak2003" /> | |||
==== Anti-Platelet Activity ==== | |||
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' The crude extract inhibited ADP- and epinephrine-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro, suggesting potential against thrombo-embolic conditions.<ref name="Yasin2014" /> | |||
==== Antibacterial Activity ==== | |||
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Antibacterial activity of ''A. webbiana'' has been demonstrated in vitro.<ref name="Vishnoi2007" /> | |||
==== Neuropharmacological Activity ==== | |||
* '''Scientific Evidence:''' The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts showed antianxiety, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, sedative, antistress and analgesic activities in rodents. Flavonoids were proposed as the bioactive constituents.<ref name="Parkash2015" /> | |||
<!-- Anti-inflammatory section intentionally omitted: no verified A. webbiana source found. Add only after confirming Nayak et al., J Ethnopharmacol (cited in Ghosh 2010). --> | |||
== Safety & Precautions == | |||
* '''Adverse Effects:''' Because of its hot potency (''Ushna Veerya'') and pungent post-digestive effect (''Katu Vipaka''), excess dosing may aggravate Pitta, causing heartburn or gastric irritation, particularly in people with peptic ulcer. This is a classical rationale rather than a clinical finding. | |||
* '''Toxicity:''' Formal toxicity data for the therapeutic dose in humans are lacking; further safety studies are needed. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
< | {{Reflist|refs= | ||
<ref name="API">{{cite book |title=The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India |year=1986 |publisher=Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India |volume=4 |pages=58–59 |edition=Part I}}</ref> <!-- verify volume/pages --> | |||
<ref name="Bhavaprakash">{{cite book |last=Chunekar |first=K. C. |title=Bhavaprakash Nighantu |year=2020 |publisher=Chaukhambha Bharati Academy |pages=Karpuradi varga, verse 114 |edition=Reprint}}</ref> <!-- verify verse --> | |||
<ref name="Yasin2014">{{cite journal |last1=Yasin |first1=M. |last2=Janbaz |first2=K. H. |last3=Imran |first3=I. |last4=Gilani |first4=A. H. |last5=Bashir |first5=S. |year=2014 |title=Pharmacological studies on the antispasmodic, bronchodilator and anti-platelet activities of Abies webbiana |journal=Phytotherapy Research |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1182–1187 |url=https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_bbs/193}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Nayak2003">{{cite journal |last1=Nayak |first1=S. S. |last2=Ghosh |first2=A. K. |last3=Srikanth |first3=K. |last4=Debnath |first4=B. |last5=Jha |first5=T. |year=2003 |title=Antitussive activity of Abies webbiana Lindl. leaf extract against sulphur dioxide-induced cough reflex in mice |journal=Phytotherapy Research |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=930–932 |pmid=13680827 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13680827/}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Vishnoi2007">{{cite journal |last1=Vishnoi |first1=S. P. |last2=Ghosh |first2=A. K. |last3=Debnath |first3=B. |last4=Samanta |first4=S. |last5=Gayen |first5=S. |last6=Jha |first6=T. |year=2007 |title=Antibacterial activity of Abies webbiana |journal=Fitoterapia |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=153–155 |url=https://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/47728/}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Parkash2015">{{cite journal |last1=Parkash |first1=O. |last2=Kumar |first2=D. |last3=Kumar |first3=S. |year=2015 |title=Screening of methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Abies webbiana Lindl. for neuropharmacological activities |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=77 |issue=5 |pages=536–541 |url=https://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/screening-of-methanol-extract-and-ethyl-acetate-fraction-of-abies-webbiana-lindl-for-neuropharmacological-activities.html}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Ghosh2010">{{cite journal |last1=Ghosh |first1=A. K. |last2=Sen |first2=D. |last3=Bhattacharya |first3=S. |year=2010 |title=A new alkaloid isolated from Abies webbiana leaf |journal=Pharmacognosy Research |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=186–189 |doi=10.4103/0974-8490.65516 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3141312}}</ref> | |||
<ref name="Yadav2016">{{cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=D. K. |last2=Ali |first2=M. |last3=Ghosh |first3=A. K. |last4=Kumar |first4=B. |year=2016 |title=Isolation of flavonoid from Abies webbiana leaves and its activity |journal=Pharmacognosy Journal |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=341–345 |doi=10.5530/pj.2016.4.6 |url=https://phcogj.com/node/159}}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
Latest revision as of 05:08, 6 October 2026
| Section/Chapter | Herb database/Talisa |
|---|---|
| Botanical name(s) | Abies webbiana Lindl. |
| Family | Pinaceae |
| Availability | Available |
| Contributors | Team Dravyaguna |
| Year of publication | 2026 |
| Publisher | Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre |
| DOI | Awaited |
Talisapatra (Latin: Abies webbiana Lindl.; synonym: Abies spectabilis (D.Don) Spach; family: Pinaceae) is a tall, evergreen coniferous tree native to the high-altitude Himalayan belt. In Ayurveda, its aromatic leaves are regarded as an important expectorant, bronchodilator, carminative and Kapha-Vata pacifying drug, and are the principal ingredient of Talisadi Churna.[1]
Botanical & Vernacular Names
- Botanical Name: Abies webbiana Lindl. / Abies spectabilis (D.Don) Spach
- Family: Pinaceae (Coniferae)
- English Names: Himalayan silver fir, East Himalayan fir, Indian silver fir
- Sanskrit / Classical Names: Talisapatra, Talisa, Patradhya
- Hindi: Talispatra, Chilrow
- Bengali: Talishpatra, Talish
- Tamil: Talisapatri
- Telugu: Taleesapatri
Synonyms in Classical Texts
- Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu:[2]
- Talisa – Traditional designation.
- Patradhya – Having abundant, prominent foliage.
- Dhatripatra – Leaves resembling the feathery foliage of Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica).
- Madhurapatra – Leaves with a faint sweet aftertaste.
Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties
According to classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics (Rasa Panchaka), Talisapatra has hot potency and lightness, which makes it useful against obstructive mucus and cold (sheeta) conditions:[1]
| Sr. No. | Pharmacological Criteria | Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Taste (Rasa) | Sweet (Madhura), Bitter (Tikta), Pungent (Katu) |
| 2 | Potency (Veerya) | Hot (Ushna) |
| 3 | Post-digestion Effect (Vipaka) | Pungent (Katu) |
| 4 | Qualities (Guna) | Light (Laghu), Sharp / Penetrating (Tikshna) |
| 5 | Dosha Action (Karma) | Pacifies Kapha and Vata (Kapha-Vatahara) |
| 6 | Specific Actions (Karma) | Expectorant and anti-tussive (Kasahara), Bronchodilatory (Swasahara), Digestive stimulant (Deepana), Cardiac tonic (Hrudya), Carminative (Vatanulomana) |
References in Charaka Samhita
Talisapatra is documented in several therapeutic formulations within the Charaka Samhita:
| Sr. No. | Reference in Charak Samhita | Context / Formulation / Application |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/41 | Indicated in fumigation and therapeutic pastes during post-delivery management for placenta expulsion (Apara Patana) |
| 2 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/143 | Ingredient of Tejovatyadi Ghrita for dyspnea and cough |
| 3 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/192 | Ingredient of Kalaka Churna for throat and oral afflictions |
| 4 | Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/30 | Used as an aromatic adjuvant (Yoga Dravya) in gastrointestinal and Vata disorders |
Therapeutic Indications (Classical)
Talisapatra is traditionally indicated in:[1]
- Kasa (Cough / Bronchitis / Tracheitis)
- Swasa (Dyspnea / Asthma / COPD)
- Hikka (Hiccups)
- Agnimandhya & Aruchi (Hypochlorhydria / Anorexia / Loss of taste)
- Amadosha (Impaired digestion / Metabolic toxins)
- Gulma (Abdominal lump / Phantom tumor)
- Kshaya (Phthisis / Chronic pulmonary debility / Wasting disease)
- Chardi (Vomiting / Emesis)
- Krumi (Intestinal parasites / Helminthiasis)
- Mukharoga (Disorders of the oral cavity)
Dosage & Administration
- Powder (Churna): 2–3 g of dried leaf powder daily in divided doses, traditionally taken with honey or warm water.[1]
Classical Formulations
- Talisadi Churna
- Talisadi Modaka
- Drakshadi Churna
- Bhaskara Lavana
- Pranada Gutika
- Jatiphaladi Churna
- Puga Khanda
Current Researches
Phytochemical Composition
Phytochemical work on Abies webbiana leaves has reported essential oil, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and an alkaloid:
- Alkaloid: 1-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-aziridine was isolated from the leaf and is the first alkaloid reported from this species.[3]
- Flavonoids: A flavonoid isolated from the leaves (identified as a quercetin derivative) showed hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity in rats.[4] The biflavonoid abiesin has also been reported.[3]
- Other constituents: The essential oil is reported to contain monoterpenes such as α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene and camphene.
Pharmacological Activities
Bronchodilator & Antispasmodic Activity
Classical texts describe Talisapatra as Swasahara (relieving dyspnea).
- Scientific Evidence: The crude extract of A. webbiana caused complete relaxation of spontaneous and K+-induced contractions in rabbit jejunum, and relaxed carbachol- and K+-induced contractions in isolated rabbit trachea, comparable to verapamil. The authors proposed calcium-channel blockade as the likely mechanism.[5]
Antitussive Activity
- Scientific Evidence: In mice with sulphur dioxide-induced cough, the oral methanol extract of the leaves (400 and 600 mg/kg) inhibited cough frequency by 71.69% and 78.67% respectively, an effect comparable to codeine phosphate.[6]
Anti-Platelet Activity
- Scientific Evidence: The crude extract inhibited ADP- and epinephrine-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro, suggesting potential against thrombo-embolic conditions.[5]
Antibacterial Activity
- Scientific Evidence: Antibacterial activity of A. webbiana has been demonstrated in vitro.[7]
Neuropharmacological Activity
- Scientific Evidence: The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts showed antianxiety, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, sedative, antistress and analgesic activities in rodents. Flavonoids were proposed as the bioactive constituents.[8]
Safety & Precautions
- Adverse Effects: Because of its hot potency (Ushna Veerya) and pungent post-digestive effect (Katu Vipaka), excess dosing may aggravate Pitta, causing heartburn or gastric irritation, particularly in people with peptic ulcer. This is a classical rationale rather than a clinical finding.
- Toxicity: Formal toxicity data for the therapeutic dose in humans are lacking; further safety studies are needed.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. 4 (Part I ed.). Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. 1986. pp. 58–59.
- ↑ Chunekar, K. C. (2020). Bhavaprakash Nighantu (Reprint ed.). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy. pp. Karpuradi varga, verse 114.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ghosh, A. K.; Sen, D.; Bhattacharya, S. (2010). "A new alkaloid isolated from Abies webbiana leaf". Pharmacognosy Research. 2 (3): 186–189. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.65516.
- ↑ Yadav, D. K.; Ali, M.; Ghosh, A. K.; Kumar, B. (2016). "Isolation of flavonoid from Abies webbiana leaves and its activity". Pharmacognosy Journal. 8 (4): 341–345. doi:10.5530/pj.2016.4.6.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Yasin, M.; Janbaz, K. H.; Imran, I.; Gilani, A. H.; Bashir, S. (2014). "Pharmacological studies on the antispasmodic, bronchodilator and anti-platelet activities of Abies webbiana". Phytotherapy Research. 28 (8): 1182–1187.
- ↑ Nayak, S. S.; Ghosh, A. K.; Srikanth, K.; Debnath, B.; Jha, T. (2003). "Antitussive activity of Abies webbiana Lindl. leaf extract against sulphur dioxide-induced cough reflex in mice". Phytotherapy Research. 17 (8): 930–932. PMID 13680827.
- ↑ Vishnoi, S. P.; Ghosh, A. K.; Debnath, B.; Samanta, S.; Gayen, S.; Jha, T. (2007). "Antibacterial activity of Abies webbiana". Fitoterapia. 78 (2): 153–155.
- ↑ Parkash, O.; Kumar, D.; Kumar, S. (2015). "Screening of methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Abies webbiana Lindl. for neuropharmacological activities". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 77 (5): 536–541.