Charak Samhita

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(Created page with "Piper nigrum L. {{Infobox |title = Maricha |label1 = Section/Chapter |data1 = Herb database/Maricha |label2 = Botanical name(s) |data2 = Piper nigrum L. |label3 = Contributor...")
 
 
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|label2 = Botanical name(s)
 
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
 
|data2 = Piper nigrum L.
 
|data2 = Piper nigrum L.
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|label3 = Contributors
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|label3 = Family
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|data3 = --
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|data3 = Piperaceae
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|label4 = Year of publication  
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|label4 = Availability
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|data4 =  2021
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|data4 = Available
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|label5 = Publisher  
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|label5 = Contributors
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|data5 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
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|data5 = --
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|label6 = DOI  
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|label6 = Year of publication  
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|data6 = Awaited
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|data6 =  2025
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|label7 = Publisher  
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|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
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|label8 = DOI  
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|data8 = Awaited
 
}}
 
}}
  
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Black Pepper
 
Black Pepper
  
−
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
+
==Therapeutic uses==
 +
Swasa, sula, krumiroga, tavakaroga<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53</ref>
 +
 
 +
==Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
 +
Maricha, Vellaja(plant is climber), Krushna(fruits are black in colour), Ushana(causing burning sensation), Suvruta, Katu(pungent taste), Dharmapatana(maricha is stored in ports as an item to export to different countries)
 +
 
 +
==Varieties==
 +
===Raja Nighantu===
 +
Mentioned 2 types of varieties<ref>Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, pippalyadi varga verse no- 32,34</ref>
 +
# Maricha
 +
# Sweta maricha
  
−
Maricha, Vellaja, Krushna, Ushana, Suvruta, Katu, Dharmapatana,
 
  
 
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
 
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==  
Line 53: Line 66:
 
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/3 || Sirovirechana (Errhine therapy)
 
| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/3 || Sirovirechana (Errhine therapy)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/23 || Krimighniyavagu
+
| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/23 || Krimighniyavagu (Gruel for krimi (worm infestation)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(6) || Deepaniyamahakashay
+
| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(6) || Deepaniya (Appetisers)mahakashaya
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(15) || Krimighnamahakashay
+
| 4 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(15) || Krimighna (anti-helmintics)mahakashaya
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(27) || Shirovirechanopagmahakashay
+
| 5 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(27) || Shirovirechanopag ( helping nasal errhine therapy)mahakashaya
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(45) || Shoolaprashamanmahakashaya
+
| 6 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(45) || Shoolaprashaman (anti-spasmodics)mahakashaya
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/298  
 
| 7 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 27/298  
Line 67: Line 80:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 8 ||Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/142  
 
| 8 ||Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/142  
−
| Katuskandha
+
| Katuskandha (group of pungent drugs)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 9 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/15 || Preparations of Trivruta
 
| 9 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/15 || Preparations of Trivruta
Line 115: Line 128:
 
|21
 
|21
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/65
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/65
−
|Ingredient in Trayushanaadi  ghrit
+
|Ingredient in Trayushanaadi  ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|22
 
|22
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/69
−
|Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya  ghrit
+
|Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya  ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|23
 
|23
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/71
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/71
−
|Ingredient of Hapushadya  ghrit
+
|Ingredient of Hapushadya  ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|24
 
|24
Line 143: Line 156:
 
|28
 
|28
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/61
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/61
−
|Ingredient in Kushthaghna  Yog
+
|Ingredient in Kushthaghna  Yoga
 
|-
 
|-
 
|29
 
|29
Line 159: Line 172:
 
|32
 
|32
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/87
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/87
−
|Bahyaprayogarth lepa in Kushth   
+
|Bahyaprayogarth lepa in Kushth (external application)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|33
 
|33
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/109
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/109
−
|Ingredient in Tiktekshvadi  Tail
+
|Ingredient in Tiktekshvadi  Taila
  
−
For Abhyang in Vata-Kaphaj  Kushth
+
For Abhyang in Vata-Kaphaj  Kushth(skin disease)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|34
 
|34
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/113
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/113
−
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Tail
+
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri  Taila
 
|-
 
|-
 
|35
 
|35
Line 185: Line 198:
 
|38
 
|38
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/34
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/34
−
|Ingredient in Hingvadi  Ghrit
+
|Ingredient in Hingvadi  Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|39
 
|39
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/49
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/49
−
|Ingredient in Lasunadya  Ghrit
+
|Ingredient in Lasunadya  Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|40
 
|40
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/54
−
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrit
+
|Ingredient in Apara  lasunadya Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|41
 
|41
Line 213: Line 226:
 
|45
 
|45
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20
−
|Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya  Ghrit
+
|Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya  Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|46
 
|46
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/43
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/43
−
|As a Nasya dravya
+
|As a Nasya dravya(nasal errhines)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|47
 
|47
Line 229: Line 242:
 
|49
 
|49
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/40
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/40
−
|Ingredient in Amrutprash  Ghrit
+
|Ingredient in Amrutprash  Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|50
 
|50
Line 245: Line 258:
 
|53
 
|53
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/21
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/21
−
|In treatment of Kaphaj  Svayathu
+
|In treatment of Kaphaj  Svayathu(oedema)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|54
 
|54
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/24
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/24
−
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
+
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu(oedema)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|55
 
|55
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25
−
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu
+
|In treatment of Vataj  Svayathu(oedema)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|56
 
|56
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/27
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/27
−
|For bhinna varch in  treatment of Vataj Svayathu
+
|For bhinna varch in  treatment of Vataj Svayathu(oedema)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|57
 
|57
Line 285: Line 298:
 
|63
 
|63
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/55
−
|Ingredient in Chitrakadi  Ghrit
+
|Ingredient in Chitrakadi  Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|64
 
|64
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/62
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/62
−
|As a Pathya Diet In  treatment of Shvayathu
+
|As a Pathya Diet In  treatment of Shvayathu(oedema)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|65
 
|65
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/102
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/102
−
|In treatment  of sannipata udararoga
+
|In treatment  of sannipata udararoga(Generalized enlargement of Abdomen)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|66
 
|66
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/103  
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/103  
−
|In treatment  of kaphodara(takraprayoga)  
+
|In treatment  of kaphodara(takraprayoga)(Generalized enlargement of Abdomen)  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|67
 
|67
Line 353: Line 366:
 
|80
 
|80
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/102
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/102
−
|In condition  of chhardi,arsha,granthi,shoola
+
|In condition  of chhardi,arsha,granthi,shoola(vomiting, analpolyp with pellet stool, pain in abdomen)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|81
 
|81
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/105
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/105
−
|Marica should  be given with ajaji,haritaki etc.
+
|Marica should  be given with ajaji,haritaki etc
 
|-
 
|-
 
|82
 
|82
Line 397: Line 410:
 
|91
 
|91
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/129  
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/129  
−
|Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla
+
|Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla(kamala in body tissue with obstructive pathology)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|92
 
|92
−
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]  
+
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/97, 17/98, 17/100
−
 
 
−
17/97, 17/98, 17/100
 
 
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
 
|Used in yusha  preparation for hikka svasa
 
|-
 
|-
Line 415: Line 426:
 
|95
 
|95
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/71  
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/71  
−
|As an ingredient  of praproundarika dhuma.
+
|As an ingredient  of praproundarika dhuma
 
|-
 
|-
 
|96
 
|96
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/73
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/73
−
|As an ingredient  of dhumapan yoga.
+
|As an ingredient  of dhumapan yoga
 
|-
 
|-
 
|97
 
|97
Line 431: Line 442:
 
|99
 
|99
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107
−
|As an ingredient of ajajyadi churna.
+
|As an ingredient of ajajyadi churna
 
|-
 
|-
 
|100
 
|100
Line 439: Line 450:
 
|101
 
|101
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/35
−
 
+
|As a pathya  ahara in kaphaja chhardi
−
|As a pathya  ahara in kaphaja chhardi.
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|102
 
|102
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/39
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/39
−
|As an ingredient  of Manahshiladi yoga.
+
|As an ingredient  of Manahshiladi yoga
 
|-
 
|-
 
|103
 
|103
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/50
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/50
  
−
|For sangya -sthapana in 6<sup>th</sup> vega of  visha.
+
|For sangya -sthapana in 6<sup>th</sup> vega of  visha
 
|-
 
|-
 
|104
 
|104
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/183
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/183
−
|Used in netra - gata visha, as a anjana prayoga.
+
|Used in netra - gata visha, as a anjana prayoga
 
|-
 
|-
 
|105
 
|105
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/193
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/193
−
|As an ingredient of Sindhuvaradi yoga.
+
|As an ingredient of Sindhuvaradi yoga
 
|-
 
|-
 
|106
 
|106
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/127
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/127
−
|Used in vataja madatyaya with Dadima swarasa.
+
|Used in vataja madatyaya(Intoxication)  with Dadima swarasa
 
|-
 
|-
 
|107
 
|107
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/128
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/128
−
|Used as swarasa in Vataja  madatyaya.
+
|Used as swarasa in Vataja  madatyaya(Intoxication)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|108
 
|108
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/172
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/172
−
|As an ingredient of Vyosha  yusha.
+
|As an ingredient of Vyosha  yusha
 
|-
 
|-
 
|109
 
|109
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/177
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/177
−
|As an ingredient of  Ashtanga lavana. (Kaphaja madatyaya)
+
|As an ingredient of  Ashtanga lavana (Kaphaja madatyaya)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|110
 
|110
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/181
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/181
−
|Used as raga in kaphaja  madatyaya.
+
|Used as raga in kaphaja  madatyaya (madatyaya)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|111
 
|111
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/183
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/183
−
|Used in pachana.
+
|Used in pachana(digestant)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|112
 
|112
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/13
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/13
−
|Used to make Udavarta  varti.
+
|Used to make Udavarta  varti
 
|-
 
|-
 
|113
 
|113
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/55
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/55
−
|As an ingredient of  Vyoshadi churn used in Kaphaja mutrakruchhra.
+
|As an ingredient of  Vyoshadi churn used in Kaphaja mutrakruchhra(dysuria)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|114
 
|114
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/60
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/60
−
|As an ingredient of  Pashanbhedadi  churna.
+
|As an ingredient of  Pashanbhedadi  churna
 
|-
 
|-
 
|115
 
|115
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/87
−
|As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita.
+
|As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita
 
|-
 
|-
 
|116
 
|116
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98
−
|As an ingredient of  Udumbaravleha.
+
|As an ingredient of  Udumbaravleha
 
|-
 
|-
 
|117
 
|117
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/138
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/138
−
|Used in vataja  pratishyaya.
+
|Used in vataja  pratishyaya
 
|-
 
|-
 
|118
 
|118
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/150
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/150
−
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya.
+
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya
 
|-
 
|-
 
|119
 
|119
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/152
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/152
−
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya for pradhamana.
+
|Used in Kaphaja  Pratishyaya for pradhamana
 
|-
 
|-
 
|120
 
|120
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/156
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/156
−
|Pathya anna in kaphaja  pratishyaya.
+
|Pathya anna in kaphaja  pratishyaya
 
|-
 
|-
 
|121
 
|121
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/186
−
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga  for Avapeeda nasya.
+
|Used in Kaphaja Siroroga  for Avapeeda nasya
 
|-
 
|-
 
|122
 
|122
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/192
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/192
−
|As an ingredient of Kshara  gutika.
+
|As an ingredient of Kshara  gutika
 
|-
 
|-
 
|123
 
|123
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/194
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/194
−
|As an ingredient of Kalak  churna.
+
|As an ingredient of Kalak  churna
 
|-
 
|-
 
|124
 
|124
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/198
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/198
−
|As an ingredient of  Mrudvikadi churna.
+
|As an ingredient of  Mrudvikadi churna
 
|-
 
|-
 
|125
 
|125
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/216,217
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/216,217
−
|Used in Kavala in  Arochaka.
+
|Used in Kavala in  Arochaka
 
|-
 
|-
 
|126
 
|126
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/219
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/219
−
|Used in arochaka nashaka  vati.
+
|Used in arochaka nashaka  vati
 
|-
 
|-
 
|127
 
|127
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/242
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/242
−
|As an ingredient of  Saindhavadi churna.
+
|As an ingredient of  Saindhavadi churna
 
|-
 
|-
 
|128
 
|128
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/247
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/247
−
|As an ingredient of  Churnanjana.
+
|As an ingredient of  Churnanjana
 
|-
 
|-
 
|129
 
|129
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/252
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/252
−
|As an ingredient of  Sukhavati varti.
+
|As an ingredient of  Sukhavati varti
 
|-
 
|-
 
|130
 
|130
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/261
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/261
−
|As an ingredient of  Dhatryadi rasakriya.
+
|As an ingredient of  Dhatryadi rasakriya
 
|-
 
|-
 
|131
 
|131
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/287
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/287
−
|Used in Kaphaja swarbheda.
+
|Used in Kaphaja swarbheda
 
|-
 
|-
 
|132
 
|132
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/152
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 29/152
−
|As an ingredient of Triphaladi kalka in tridoshaja shola.
+
|As an ingredient of Triphaladi kalka in tridoshaja shola
 
|-
 
|-
 
|133
 
|133
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/72
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/72
−
|As an ingredient of Pippalyadi varti.
+
|As an ingredient of Pippalyadi varti
 
|-
 
|-
 
|134
 
|134
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92
 
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92
−
|As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna.
+
|As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
==Dose==
 +
* 250 mg – 1 gm of the drug in powder form<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53</ref>
 +
 +
==Important formulation==
 +
As per A.P.I.<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53</ref>
 +
* Marichadi gutika
 +
* Marichadi taila
 +
* Trikatu churna
  
  
Line 582: Line 601:
  
 
Available  
 
Available  
 +
India – western coast of india
  
 
== Current researches ==
 
== Current researches ==
 +
 +
https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Piper%20nigrum
  
 
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
 
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
 
   This article is under development ..
 
   This article is under development ..

Latest revision as of 12:38, 17 August 2025

Piper nigrum L.

Maricha
Section/Chapter Herb database/Maricha
Botanical name(s) Piper nigrum L.
Family Piperaceae
Availability Available
Contributors --
Year of publication 2025
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

English name

Black Pepper

Therapeutic uses

Swasa, sula, krumiroga, tavakaroga[1]

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Maricha, Vellaja(plant is climber), Krushna(fruits are black in colour), Ushana(causing burning sensation), Suvruta, Katu(pungent taste), Dharmapatana(maricha is stored in ports as an item to export to different countries)

Varieties

Raja Nighantu

Mentioned 2 types of varieties[2]

  1. Maricha
  2. Sweta maricha


Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Properties
Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties (Dry) Properties (Wet)
1 Taste (rasa) Pungent (katu) --
2 Potency (veerya) Hot (ushna) Not too hot (naatyushna)
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Pungent (katu) Sweet (madhura)
4 Qualities (guna) Light (laghu), Sharp (tikshna) Heavy (guru)
5 Actions (karma) Pacify vata and kapha --

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/3 Sirovirechana (Errhine therapy)
2 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 2/23 Krimighniyavagu (Gruel for krimi (worm infestation)
3 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(6) Deepaniya (Appetisers)mahakashaya
4 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(15) Krimighna (anti-helmintics)mahakashaya
5 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(27) Shirovirechanopag ( helping nasal errhine therapy)mahakashaya
6 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(45) Shoolaprashaman (anti-spasmodics)mahakashaya
7 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 27/298 Krutanna Varga
8 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/142 Katuskandha (group of pungent drugs)
9 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 7/15 Preparations of Trivruta
10 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 7/25 Preparations of Trivrut Awaleha
11 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 7/40 Preparation of Kalyanaka Guda
12 Cha.Sa.Kalpa Sthana 12/23 Churna Yoga
13 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/1/30 Ingredient in Bruhaniya Gutika
14 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/2/24 Ingredient in Vrushya Dadhisar
15 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/4/11 Ingredient in Vrushya mamsa Gutika
16 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/4/21 Ingredient in Vrushya Pupalika  
17 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/1/30 Ingredient in Bruhaniya Gutika
18 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/2/24 Ingredient in Vrushya Dadhisar
19 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/4/11 Ingredient in Vrushya mamsa Gutika
20 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 2/4/21 Ingredient in Vrushya Pupalika  
21 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/65 Ingredient in Trayushanaadi ghrita
22 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/69 Ingredient of Hingusauvarchaladya ghrita
23 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/71 Ingredient of Hapushadya ghrita
24 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/79 Ingredient of Hingvadi churna
25 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 5/142 Ingredient of Dashamuli Ghrita
26 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 6/42 Ingredient in Madhvasav
27 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/48 As Nashya in Kushth
28 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/61 Ingredient in Kushthaghna Yoga
29 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/65 Ingredient in Mustadi Churna
30 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/74 Ingredient in Madhvasav
31 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/77 Ingredient in Kanakabindurisht
32 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/87 Bahyaprayogarth lepa in Kushth (external application)
33 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/109 Ingredient in Tiktekshvadi Taila

For Abhyang in Vata-Kaphaj Kushth(skin disease)

34 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/113 Ingredient in Kanakakshiri Taila
35 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/117 Ingredient in Sidhma Lepa
36 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 8/142 Ingredient in Yavani shadav
37 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 8/145 Ingredient in Talishadi Churna
38 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/34 Ingredient in Hingvadi Ghrita
39 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/49 Ingredient in Lasunadya Ghrita
40 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/54 Ingredient in Apara lasunadya Ghrita
41 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/65 Used as Nashya and Anjan prayogarth
42 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/67 Used as Nashya and Anjan prayogarth
43 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/68 Ingredient in Siddharthakadi Agad
44 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 9/70 Ingredient in Siddharthakadi Agad
45 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/20 Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya Ghrita
46 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/43 As a Nasya dravya(nasal errhines)
47 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/46 Ingredient in Kayasthadi varti
48 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 10/48 Ingredient in Mustadi varti
49 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 11/40 Ingredient in Amrutprash Ghrita
50 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 11/67 Ingredient in Chaturtha Sarpigud
51 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 11/74 Ingredient in Pancham Sarpimodak
52 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 11/86 Ingredient in Saindhavadi Churna
53 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/21 In treatment of Kaphaj Svayathu(oedema)
54 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/24 In treatment of Vataj Svayathu(oedema)
55 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/25 In treatment of Vataj Svayathu(oedema)
56 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/27 For bhinna varch in treatment of Vataj Svayathu(oedema)
57 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/29 Ingredient in Gandiradhyarisht
58 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/32 Ingredient in Ashtashatorisht
59 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/36 Ingredient in Punarnavadhyarisht
60 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/42 Ingredient in Krishnadi Churna
61 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/43 Ingredient in Kshar Gudika
62 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/50 Ingredient in Kansaharitaki Avaleh
63 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/55 Ingredient in Chitrakadi Ghrita
64 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 12/62 As a Pathya Diet In treatment of Shvayathu(oedema)
65 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/102 In treatment of sannipata udararoga(Generalized enlargement of Abdomen)
66 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/103 In treatment of kaphodara(takraprayoga)(Generalized enlargement of Abdomen)
67 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/105 In treatment of dakodara(takraprayoga)
68 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/122 After virechana (balavruddhi arthe) mixed with dugdha
69 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/126 As an ingredient of narayan churna
70 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/137 As an ingredient of nilinadya churna
71 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 13/148 Kalka  used in udara roga with ksheer
72 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/62 As an ingredient of traushnadi churna
73 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/92 Used in yavagu
74 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/107 As an ingredient of cavyadighrit
75 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/138 As an ingredient of abhayarista
76 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/158 As an ingredient of kanakarista
77 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/87 As an ingredient of traushnaadi ghrita
78 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/88 As an ingredient of pancamuladhya ghrit evum churna
79 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/96 As an ingredient of citrakadhya gutika
80 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/102 In condition of chhardi,arsha,granthi,shoola(vomiting, analpolyp with pellet stool, pain in abdomen)
81 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/105 Marica should be given with ajaji,haritaki etc
82 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/108 Used in kaphapittaja grahani
83 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/112 As an ingredient of maricadhya churna
84 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/120 Used as ingredient of yavagu
85 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/132 As an ingredient of takrarista
86 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/137 This drug is used in treatment of pittajagrahani as an ingredient of Bhunimbadhya churna
87 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/164 As an ingredient of Kiratadhya churna (Pittaja Grahani chiktsa)
88 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/168 As an ingredient of Madhvarista
89 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/177 Used in treatment of Kaphaja grahani
90 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 15/189 As an ingredient of Bhallataka Kshara
91 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 16/129 Used as Pathya in Shakhashrit Kamla(kamala in body tissue with obstructive pathology)
92 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/97, 17/98, 17/100 Used in yusha preparation for hikka svasa
93 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/104 Used as annapana for hikka svasa
94 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 17/110 Kalka is used in hikka svasa
95 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/71 As an ingredient of praproundarika dhuma
96 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/73 As an ingredient of dhumapan yoga
97 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/104 As a yoga dravya.
98 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 18/180 As a leha dravya.
99 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/107 As an ingredient of ajajyadi churna
100 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/111 As a yoga dravya
101 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/35 As a pathya ahara in kaphaja chhardi
102 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 20/39 As an ingredient of Manahshiladi yoga
103 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/50 For sangya -sthapana in 6th vega of visha
104 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/183 Used in netra - gata visha, as a anjana prayoga
105 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 23/193 As an ingredient of Sindhuvaradi yoga
106 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/127 Used in vataja madatyaya(Intoxication) with Dadima swarasa
107 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/128 Used as swarasa in Vataja madatyaya(Intoxication)
108 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/172 As an ingredient of Vyosha yusha
109 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/177 As an ingredient of Ashtanga lavana (Kaphaja madatyaya)
110 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/181 Used as raga in kaphaja madatyaya (madatyaya)
111 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 24/183 Used in pachana(digestant)
112 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/13 Used to make Udavarta varti
113 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/55 As an ingredient of Vyoshadi churn used in Kaphaja mutrakruchhra(dysuria)
114 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/60 As an ingredient of Pashanbhedadi  churna
115 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/87 As an ingredient of Trushanadi Ghrita
116 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/98 As an ingredient of Udumbaravleha
117 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/138 Used in vataja pratishyaya
118 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/150 Used in Kaphaja Pratishyaya
119 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/152 Used in Kaphaja Pratishyaya for pradhamana
120 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/156 Pathya anna in kaphaja pratishyaya
121 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/186 Used in Kaphaja Siroroga for Avapeeda nasya
122 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/192 As an ingredient of Kshara gutika
123 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/194 As an ingredient of Kalak churna
124 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/198 As an ingredient of Mrudvikadi churna
125 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/216,217 Used in Kavala in Arochaka
126 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/219 Used in arochaka nashaka vati
127 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/242 As an ingredient of Saindhavadi churna
128 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/247 As an ingredient of Churnanjana
129 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/252 As an ingredient of Sukhavati varti
130 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/261 As an ingredient of Dhatryadi rasakriya
131 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 26/287 Used in Kaphaja swarbheda
132 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 29/152 As an ingredient of Triphaladi kalka in tridoshaja shola
133 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/72 As an ingredient of Pippalyadi varti
134 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/92 As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna

Dose

  • 250 mg – 1 gm of the drug in powder form[3]

Important formulation

As per A.P.I.[4]

  • Marichadi gutika
  • Marichadi taila
  • Trikatu churna


Current availability

Available India – western coast of india

Current researches

https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Piper%20nigrum 

 This article is under development ..
  1. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53
  2. ↑ Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, pippalyadi varga verse no- 32,34
  3. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53
  4. ↑ Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :53
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