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Allium sativum L.
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita
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|keywords= Lashuna, Rasona, Lasuna, Garlic, Allium sativum L.Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
|description='''Lashuna''' (''Allium sativum'' L.) or Garlic is a prominent therapeutic plant widely utilized in [[Ayurveda]] and modern pharmacotherapy for its broad spectrum of biological activities, particularly cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and oncological applications.
|data5 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data5 = Team Dravyaguna
|label6 = DOI
|label6 = Year of publication
|data6 = Awaited
|data6 = 2026
|label7 = Publisher
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI
|data8 = {{DoiWithLink}}
}}
}}
==English name ==
'''Lashuna''' (''Allium sativum'' L.) or Garlic is a prominent therapeutic plant widely utilized in [[Ayurveda]] and modern pharmacotherapy for its broad spectrum of biological activities, particularly cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and oncological applications.
== General Overview ==
* '''Taxonomic Name:''' ''Allium sativum'' L.
* '''Ayurvedic Designation:''' ''Lashuna'' / ''Rasona'' ("Lacking One Taste")
Jirna jwara(chronic fever), Krumiroga(worms), Gulma(abdominal lumps), Kushtha(skin disease),Arsha (haemorrhoids),Kasa(cough), Shwasa(breathlessness), Pinasa(running nose), Shula(pain), Karnashoola (earache), Vata vyadhi, Hikka, Medoroga, Yoni vyapada (diseases of vagina),visuchika, Plihavruddhi (spleenomegaly), Kshaya, Vishamajwara, Unmada, Apasmara, Shopha(swelling), Hridroga (heart disease), Vrana(wound), Trikashool<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50</ref>
==Other varieties==
* Allium arenarium Sadler ex Rchb. 1830 not L. 1753
* Allium controversum Schrad. ex Wild.
* Allium longicuspis Regel
* Allium ophioscorodon Link
* Allium pekinense Prokh.
* Porrum ophioscorodon (Link) Rchb.
* Porrum sativum (L.) Rchb. 1830 not (L.) Mill. 1768
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
Lashuna, Rasona, Ugragandha, Arishta
Lashuna, Rasona, Ugragandha, Arishta
==Synonyms in bhavaprakash nighantu==
Mahaushadha(because it use in many disease), Mlecchakanda(liked by mlecha as it is used to prepared dishes), Yavaneshta(liked by foreigners)<ref> Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, haritakyadi varga,verse no.217</ref>
|Nidana of Raktapitta (cause of bleeding disorder)
|-
|-
|6
|6
|Ch Vi 6/17
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 6/17
|Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa
|Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa (treatment of worm)
|-
|-
|7
|7
|Ch.Sha.8/34
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/34
|Garbhasya pratimasik karma
|Garbhasya pratimasika karma
|-
|-
|8
|8
|Ch.Sha.8/47
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/47
|Jatamatra balak paricharya
|Jatamatra balaka paricharya
|-
|-
|9
|9
|Ch.Sha.8/56
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/56
|Kshira vishodhan dravya
|Kshira vishodhana dravya(treatment of vitiated breast milk)
|-
|-
|10
|10
|Cha. Sa. Chi. 5/94
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/94
|Ingredient of Lasuna Kshirpaka
|Ingredient of Lashuna Kshirpaka
|-
|-
|11
|11
|Cha. Sa. Chi. 5/177
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/177
|Vilayan of Rakta Gulma
|Vilayan of Rakta Gulma
|-
|-
|12
|12
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/111
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/111
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri Tail
|Ingredient in Kanakakshiri Taila
|-
|-
|13
|13
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/49
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/49
|Ingredient in Lasunadya Ghrita
|Ingredient in Lashunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|14
|14
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/52
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/52
|Ingredient in Apara lasunadya Ghrit
|Ingredient in Apara Lashunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|15
|15
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/53
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/53
|Ingredient in Apara lasunadya Ghrita
|Ingredient in Apara lashunadya Ghrita
|-
|-
|16
|16
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/64
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/64
|Used as Nashya and Anjan prayogarth
|Used as Nasya and Anjana prayogarth
|-
|-
|17
|17
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/35
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/35
|Ingredient in Palankashadi tail
|Ingredient in Palankashadi taila
|-
|-
|18
|18
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 10/64
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/64
|Ingredient in Atattvabhinivesh nashak yog
|Ingredient in Atattvabhinivesha nashak yoga
|-
|-
|19
|19
|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 14/9
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/9
|As nidan of arsha roga
|As nidana of arsha roga(cause of hemorrhoids)
|-
|-
|20
|20
|Cha.Sa.Chi.23/70
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/70
|As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada.
|As an ingredient of Gandha hasti agada
|-
|-
|21
|21
|Cha.sa.Chi.26/150
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/150
|Used in Kaphaja Pratishyaya.
|Used in Kaphaja Pratishyaya(running nose)
|-
|-
|22
|22
|Cha.Sa.Chi.28/177
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/177
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila.
|As an ingredient of Mulaka taila
|-
|}
|}
==Dose==
* 3 gm of the drug <ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50</ref>
==Important formulatios==
As per A.P.I.<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50</ref>
* Lashunadi vati
* Lashunadi ghruta
* Vacha lashunadi taila
== Current availability==
Available
India - All over India
== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
== Current researches ==
== Pharmacological Profile & Mechanisms ==
''Allium sativum'' exerts therapeutic effects predominantly through organosulfur compounds released when alliinase enzymatically cleaves alliin upon tissue crushing or damage. These compounds modulate vascular reactivity, lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, and gene expression involved in apoptosis and inflammation.<ref name="Batiha2020" />
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Properties
|+ Pharmacological Properties and Bioactivities of ''Allium sativum''
Organosulfur constituents suppress hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Clinical evaluations demonstrate consistent reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alongside reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification.<ref name="Varshney2016" />
=== Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity ===
Allicin readily crosses microbial cell membranes and reacts rapidly with thiol-containing enzymes (such as alcohol dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase), demonstrating potent bactericidal, antifungal, and antiviral activity against pathogens including ''Staphylococcus aureus'' and ''Candida albicans''.<ref name="Harris2001" />
=== Oncological & Apoptotic Modulation ===
Preclinical xenografts and cellular models demonstrate that diallyl sulfides inhibit cancer cell growth via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulation of p53, suppression of NF-κB, and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in gastrointestinal and prostate malignancies.<ref name="Shang2019" />
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Batiha2020">{{cite journal |last1=El-Saber Batiha |first1=G. |last2=Beshbishy |first2=A. M. |last3=Wasef |first3=L. G. |title=Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review |journal=Nutrients |volume=12 |issue=3 |year=2020 |pages=872 |doi=10.3390/nu12030872}}</ref>
<ref name="Harris2001">{{cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=J. C. |last2=Cottrell |first2=S. L. |last3=Plummer |first3=S. |last4=Lloyd |first4=D. |title=Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic) |journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology |volume=57 |issue=3 |year=2001 |pages=282–286 |doi=10.1007/s002530100722}}</ref>
<ref name="Ried2020">{{cite journal |last1=Ried |first1=K. |title=Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, regulates serum cholesterol, and stimulates immunity: An updated meta-analysis and review |journal=The Journal of Nutrition |volume=150 |issue=7 |year=2020 |pages=1774–1783 |doi=10.1093/jn/nxaa082}}</ref>
<ref name="Shang2019">{{cite journal |last1=Shang |first1=A. |last2=Cao |first2=S. Y. |last3=Xu |first3=X. Y. |title=Bioactive compounds and biological functions of garlic (Allium sativum L.) |journal=Foods |volume=8 |issue=7 |year=2019 |pages=246 |doi=10.3390/foods8070246}}</ref>
== Current researches ==
<ref name="Varshney2016">{{cite journal |last1=Varshney |first1=R. |last2=Budoff |first2=M. J. |title=Garlic and heart disease |journal=The Journal of Nutrition |volume=146 |issue=2 |year=2016 |pages=416S–421S |doi=10.3945/jn.114.202333}}</ref>
}}
"""
==External Links==
[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
Lashuna (Allium sativum L.) or Garlic is a prominent therapeutic plant widely utilized in Ayurveda and modern pharmacotherapy for its broad spectrum of biological activities, particularly cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and oncological applications.
Allium sativum exerts therapeutic effects predominantly through organosulfur compounds released when alliinase enzymatically cleaves alliin upon tissue crushing or damage. These compounds modulate vascular reactivity, lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, and gene expression involved in apoptosis and inflammation.[7]
Pharmacological Properties and Bioactivities of Allium sativum
Clinical meta-analyses confirm that standardized garlic preparations significantly reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Mechanisms center on endothelial nitric oxide stimulation and hydrogen sulfide generation, promoting systemic vascular smooth muscle relaxation.[8]
Lipid Modulation & Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects
Organosulfur constituents suppress hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Clinical evaluations demonstrate consistent reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alongside reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification.[9]
Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity
Allicin readily crosses microbial cell membranes and reacts rapidly with thiol-containing enzymes (such as alcohol dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase), demonstrating potent bactericidal, antifungal, and antiviral activity against pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.[10]
Oncological & Apoptotic Modulation
Preclinical xenografts and cellular models demonstrate that diallyl sulfides inhibit cancer cell growth via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulation of p53, suppression of NF-κB, and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in gastrointestinal and prostate malignancies.[11]
References
↑Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50
↑Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, mulakadi varga verse no- 50,51,53,54
↑Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50
↑Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3 :50
↑El-Saber Batiha, G.; Beshbishy, A. M.; Wasef, L. G. (2020). "Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review". Nutrients. 12 (3): 872. doi:10.3390/nu12030872.
↑Ried, K. (2020). "Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, regulates serum cholesterol, and stimulates immunity: An updated meta-analysis and review". The Journal of Nutrition. 150 (7): 1774–1783. doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa082.
↑Varshney, R.; Budoff, M. J. (2016). "Garlic and heart disease". The Journal of Nutrition. 146 (2): 416S–421S. doi:10.3945/jn.114.202333.
↑Harris, J. C.; Cottrell, S. L.; Plummer, S.; Lloyd, D. (2001). "Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic)". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 57 (3): 282–286. doi:10.1007/s002530100722.
↑Shang, A.; Cao, S. Y.; Xu, X. Y. (2019). "Bioactive compounds and biological functions of garlic (Allium sativum L.)". Foods. 8 (7): 246. doi:10.3390/foods8070246.
