Rasa: Difference between revisions

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The Sanskrit term “rasa” denotes a wide spectrum of meanings viz. “sap”, “juice”, “essence”, “taste, flavor”, “delight”, “charm,” and “sentiment,” etc. In [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the term denotes taste/flavor, primary circulating nutritional fluid (ahararasa), fresh juice of plant (svarasa). In the context of rasashastra it indicates quicksilver, mercury (parada) and other precious metals. In [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the primary taste is one of the identifying markers of the dravya. Apart from the contemporary meaning of taste, the concept of rasa has a wider pharmacological approach. The taste plays a vital role in deriving the pharmacological activity profile of the medicines. A physician, well acquainted with the classification of rasa and [[Dosha|dosha]], seldom commits blunders in ascertaining the etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of [[Vyadhi|diseases]].<ref>Nishteswar K. Watermark of original Ayurveda: Is it fading away in current clinical practice and research? Ayu [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Oct 10];35(3):219. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4649574/</ref> This chapter describes concept of rasa (taste) with its applications in pharmacotherapeutics.

The Sanskrit term “rasa” denotes a wide spectrum of meanings viz. “sap”, “juice”, “essence”, “taste, flavor”, “delight”, “charm,” and “sentiment,” etc. In [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the term denotes taste/flavor, primary circulating nutritional fluid (ahararasa), fresh juice of plant (svarasa). In the context of rasashastra it indicates quicksilver, mercury (parada) and other precious metals. In [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the primary taste is one of the identifying markers of the dravya. Apart from the contemporary meaning of taste, the concept of rasa has a wider pharmacological approach. The taste plays a vital role in deriving the pharmacological activity profile of the medicines. A physician, well acquainted with the classification of rasa and [[Dosha|dosha]], seldom commits blunders in ascertaining the etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of [[Vyadhi|diseases]].<ref>Nishteswar K. Watermark of original Ayurveda: Is it fading away in current clinical practice and research? Ayu [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Oct 10];35(3):219. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4649574/</ref> This chapter describes concept of rasa (taste) with its applications in pharmacotherapeutics. </~~div~~>

{{Infobox

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|data1 = Concepts/[[Rasa]]

|label2 = Authors

|data2 = T.Saketh Ram1, Deole Y.S.2

|data2 = T.Saketh Ram1, [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]2

|label3 = Reviewer

|data3 = Basisht G.3,

|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]3,

|label4 = Editor

|data4 = Basisht G.3

|data4 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]3

|label5 = Affiliations

|data5 = 1National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, C.C.R.A.S. Hyderabad, India 2Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 3Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.

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|data8 =November 18, 2022

|label9 = DOI

|data9 = ~~In process~~

|data9 = {{DoiWithLink}}

}}

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| Cha.N.4:44; AS.N.10:8; M.N.33:16

|-

| ~~Kaṭukaṃmutra~~

| Katuka mutra

| Pungent taste

| ~~Avikritamutra~~

| Avikrita mutra

| S.Sa.12:20

|-

| ~~Kaṭukaṃmutra~~

| Katuka mutra

| spicy taste

| ~~Haridrameha~~

| Haridra meha

| Cha.N.4:34; AS.N.10:8; Ah.N.1O:15; M.N.33:14

|-

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| Ah.Su.27:4

|-

| ~~Lavaṇa~~ rasa atyupayoga

| Lavana rasa atyupayoga

| S.Su.42:10:3

|-

| ~~Snehan~~ atiyoga

| Snehana atiyoga

| AS. Su.25:46

|-

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| Cha.Su.17:33; AS.N.5:44; Ah.N.5:41

|-

| ~~Paittikajirna~~

| Paittika ajirna

| AS.Su.11:33; Ah.Su.8:26

|-

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| M.N. 51:5

|-

| ~~Grahaṇi~~

| Grahani

| C.Ci.15:54; S.U.40: 175

|-

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|}

=== ~~RituHaritaki~~- changes in administration of medicines as per season ===

=== Ritu Haritaki- changes in administration of medicines as per season ===

<div style='text-align:justify;'>Here is an illustration of how judicious ~~combinationof~~ different substances with varied tastes along with ~~haritakiserve~~ the purpose of mitigating ~~illeffect~~ in six seasons. This is one among the many applications of rasa theory in ayurvedic practice. The details are as follows: The drug is significantly prescribed ~~intherapeutic~~ as well as preventive use and process of restorative or alternative indication (~~rasayanakarma~~), and it is classically recommended as ~~rituharitakifor~~ using the drug during the course of different seasons viz.,

<div style='text-align:justify;'>Here is an illustration of how judicious combination of different substances with varied tastes along with haritaki serve the purpose of mitigating ill effect in six seasons. This is one among the many applications of rasa theory in ayurvedic practice. The details are as follows: The drug is significantly prescribed in therapeutic as well as preventive use and process of restorative or alternative indication (rasayana karma), and it is classically recommended as rituharitaki for using the drug during the course of different seasons viz.,

* [[Varsha|Varsha]] (rains) – ~~saindhavalavana~~ (rock salt)

* [[Varsha|Varsha]] (rains) – saindhava lavana (rock salt)

* [[Sharad|Sharada]] ritu(autumn) - sharkara (sugar)

* [[Hemanta|Hemanta]] (cold/winter) - [[Shunthi|Shunthi (dry ginger)]]

* [[Shishira|Shishira]] (~~latewinter~~ early spring)- [[Pippali|pippali(long pepper)]]

* [[Shishira|Shishira]] (late winter early spring)- [[Pippali|pippali(long pepper)]]

* [[Vasanta|Vasanta]] (spring) - madhu (honey)

* [[Grishma|Grishma]] (summer)- guda (jaggery)<ref>Ram TS, Bandari S, Ala Narayana. Pragmatic usage of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula retz): an ayurvedic perspective vis-à-vis current practice. Int J Ayurveda Pharma Res. 2013;1(3):72–82.</ref> </div>

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== Future scope of research ==

<div style='text-align:justify;'>The exact mechanism of action of rasa to cause disorders needs to be researched and elaborated further. Taste sensitivity can be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of various systemic disorders. The biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases, and identification markers for plants based on taste perception can be investigated.

'''Acknowledgment:''' The technical contribution of Dr Shruti G, SRF (Ay.), and Dr Satyavrat Nanda, R.A (Sanskrit), NIIMH, Hyderabad is duly acknowledged.

'''Acknowledgment:''' The technical contribution of Dr Shruti G, SRF (Ay.), and Dr Satyavrat Nanda, R.A (Sanskrit), NIIMH, Hyderabad is duly acknowledged.</div>

</~~div~~>

<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>

== References ==

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |type=article
 }}
-<div style='text-align:justify;'>
+<p style="text-align:justify;">The Sanskrit term “rasa” denotes a wide spectrum of meanings viz.  “sap”, “juice”, “essence”, “taste, flavor”, “delight”, “charm,” and “sentiment,” etc. In [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the term denotes taste/flavor, primary circulating nutritional fluid (ahararasa), fresh juice of plant (svarasa). In the context of rasashastra it indicates quicksilver, mercury (parada) and other precious metals. In [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the primary taste is one of the identifying markers of the dravya. Apart from the contemporary meaning of taste, the concept of rasa has a wider pharmacological approach. The taste plays a vital role in deriving the pharmacological activity profile of the medicines. A physician, well acquainted with the classification of rasa and [[Dosha|dosha]], seldom commits blunders in ascertaining the etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of [[Vyadhi|diseases]].<ref>Nishteswar K. Watermark of original Ayurveda: Is it fading away in current clinical practice and research? Ayu [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Oct 10];35(3):219. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4649574/</ref>  This chapter describes concept of rasa (taste) with its applications in pharmacotherapeutics. </p>
-The Sanskrit term “rasa” denotes a wide spectrum of meanings viz.  “sap”, “juice”, “essence”, “taste, flavor”, “delight”, “charm,” and “sentiment,” etc. In [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the term denotes taste/flavor, primary circulating nutritional fluid (ahararasa), fresh juice of plant (svarasa). In the context of rasashastra it indicates quicksilver, mercury (parada) and other precious metals. In [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]], the primary taste is one of the identifying markers of the dravya. Apart from the contemporary meaning of taste, the concept of rasa has a wider pharmacological approach. The taste plays a vital role in deriving the pharmacological activity profile of the medicines. A physician, well acquainted with the classification of rasa and [[Dosha|dosha]], seldom commits blunders in ascertaining the etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of [[Vyadhi|diseases]].<ref>Nishteswar K. Watermark of original Ayurveda: Is it fading away in current clinical practice and research? Ayu [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Oct 10];35(3):219. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4649574/</ref>  This chapter describes concept of rasa (taste) with its applications in pharmacotherapeutics. </div>
 {{Infobox
@@ Line 17: / Line 16: @@
 |data1 = Concepts/[[Rasa]]
 |label2 = Authors
-|data2 = T.Saketh Ram<sup>1</sup>,<br/>Deole Y.S.<sup>2</sup>
+|data2 = T.Saketh Ram<sup>1</sup>,<br/>[[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]<sup>2</sup>
 |label3 = Reviewer
-|data3 = Basisht G.<sup>3</sup>,
+|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]<sup>3</sup>,
 |label4 = Editor
-|data4 = Basisht G.<sup>3</sup>
+|data4 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]<sup>3</sup>
 |label5 = Affiliations
 |data5 = <sup>1</sup>National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, C.C.R.A.S. Hyderabad, India<br/><sup>2</sup>Department of Kayachikitsa, G. J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India<br/><sup>3</sup>Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
@@ Line 32: / Line 31: @@
 |data8 =November 18, 2022
 |label9 = DOI
-|data9 = In process
+|data9 = {{DoiWithLink}}
 }}
@@ Line 595: / Line 594: @@
 | Cha.N.4:44;<br/>AS.N.10:8;<br/>M.N.33:16
 |-
-| Kaṭukaṃmutra
+| Katuka mutra
 | Pungent taste
-| Avikritamutra
+| Avikrita mutra
 | S.Sa.12:20
 |-
-| Kaṭukaṃmutra
+| Katuka mutra
 | spicy taste
-| Haridrameha
+| Haridra meha
 | Cha.N.4:34;<br/>AS.N.10:8;<br/>Ah.N.1O:15;<br/>M.N.33:14
 |-
@@ Line 642: / Line 641: @@
 | Ah.Su.27:4
 |-
-| Lavaṇa rasa atyupayoga
+| Lavana rasa atyupayoga
 | S.Su.42:10:3
 |-
-| Snehan atiyoga
+| Snehana atiyoga
 | AS. Su.25:46
 |-
@@ Line 657: / Line 656: @@
 | Cha.Su.17:33;<br/>AS.N.5:44;<br/>Ah.N.5:41
 |-
-| Paittikajirna
+| Paittika ajirna
 | AS.Su.11:33;<br/>Ah.Su.8:26
 |-
@@ Line 741: / Line 740: @@
 | M.N. 51:5
 |-
-| Grahaṇi
+| Grahani
 | C.Ci.15:54;<br/>S.U.40: 175
 |-
@@ Line 805: / Line 804: @@
 |}
-=== RituHaritaki- changes in administration of medicines as per season ===
+=== Ritu Haritaki- changes in administration of medicines as per season ===
-<div style='text-align:justify;'>Here is an illustration of how judicious combinationof different substances with varied tastes along with haritakiserve the purpose of mitigating illeffect in six seasons. This is one among the many applications of rasa theory in ayurvedic practice. The details are as follows: <br/>The drug is significantly prescribed intherapeutic as well as preventive use and process of restorative or alternative indication (rasayanakarma), and it is classically recommended as rituharitakifor using the drug during the course of different seasons viz.,
+<div style='text-align:justify;'>Here is an illustration of how judicious combination of different substances with varied tastes along with haritaki serve the purpose of mitigating ill effect in six seasons. This is one among the many applications of rasa theory in ayurvedic practice. The details are as follows: <br/>The drug is significantly prescribed in therapeutic as well as preventive use and process of restorative or alternative indication (rasayana karma), and it is classically recommended as rituharitaki for using the drug during the course of different seasons viz.,
-* [[Varsha|Varsha]] (rains) – saindhavalavana (rock salt)
+* [[Varsha|Varsha]] (rains) – saindhava lavana (rock salt)
 * [[Sharad|Sharada]] ritu(autumn) - sharkara (sugar)
 * [[Hemanta|Hemanta]] (cold/winter) - [[Shunthi|Shunthi (dry ginger)]]
-* [[Shishira|Shishira]] (latewinter early spring)- [[Pippali|pippali(long pepper)]]
+* [[Shishira|Shishira]] (late winter early spring)- [[Pippali|pippali(long pepper)]]
 * [[Vasanta|Vasanta]] (spring) - madhu (honey)
 * [[Grishma|Grishma]] (summer)- guda (jaggery)<ref>Ram TS, Bandari S, Ala Narayana. Pragmatic usage of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula retz): an ayurvedic perspective vis-à-vis current practice. Int J Ayurveda Pharma Res. 2013;1(3):72–82.</ref> </div>
@@ Line 822: / Line 821: @@
 == Future scope of research ==
 <div style='text-align:justify;'>The exact mechanism of action of rasa to cause disorders needs to be researched and elaborated further. Taste sensitivity can be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of various systemic disorders. The biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases, and identification markers for plants based on taste perception can be investigated.
-'''Acknowledgment:''' The technical contribution of Dr Shruti G, SRF (Ay.), and Dr Satyavrat Nanda, R.A (Sanskrit), NIIMH, Hyderabad is duly acknowledged.
+'''Acknowledgment:''' The technical contribution of Dr Shruti G, SRF (Ay.), and Dr Satyavrat Nanda, R.A (Sanskrit), NIIMH, Hyderabad is duly acknowledged.</div>
-</div>
+<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>
 == References ==