Raktapitta Nidana: Difference between revisions
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===== II. Platelet abnormalities ===== | ===== II. Platelet abnormalities ===== | ||
#Thrombocytopenia: ① Diminished or defective platelet production: aplastic anemia, marrow infiltration (carcinoma, leukemia, myelofibrosis, tuberculosis, etc), infections, drugs that act on platelet production (alcohol, thiazide diuretics).② Enhanced platelet destruction: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, drug-induced, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. ③Sequestration of platelets: hypersplenism | |||
#Thrombocytosis: ① Primary: essential thrombocythemia.② Secondary: infections, injury, post-splenectomy chronic myelocytic leukemia, other myeloproliferative disorders (such as polycythemia vera) | |||
#Functional abnormalities of platelets: ① Congenital: thrombasthenia, giant platelet syndrome (Bernard-Soulier syndrome). ② Acquired: due to drugs, uremia, liver diseases, dysproteinemias | |||
III. Coagulation disorders due to coagulation factor deficiencies | ===== III. Coagulation disorders due to coagulation factor deficiencies ===== | ||
#Congenital: hemophilia A (F VIII deficiency), hemophilia B (F IX deficiency),factor XI deficiency (formerly hemophilia C), hypothrombinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, von Willebrand’s disease, other coagulation factors deficiency, including deficiency of activatedprotein C inhibitor structural abnormalities | |||
#Acquired: Vitamin K deficiency, severe liver diseases, drugs (dicumarol), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) etc | |||
===== IV. Hyperfibrinolysis ===== | |||
#Primary: Congenital deficiency of α2 antiplasmin, clinical use of urokinase, liver diseases, liberation of tissue plasminogen activator into the circulation | |||
#Secondary: DIC | |||
==== Causes of Bleeding ==== | |||
When normal hemostatic mechanisms fail, major hemorrhage may follow minor trauma or may appear to arise spontaneously. Biomedicine observes spontaneous bleeding primarily from either the rectum or from the naso-pharyngeal cavity. | When normal hemostatic mechanisms fail, major hemorrhage may follow minor trauma or may appear to arise spontaneously. Biomedicine observes spontaneous bleeding primarily from either the rectum or from the naso-pharyngeal cavity. | ||
A. Causes of bleeding from the mouth | ===== A.Causes of bleeding from the mouth ===== | ||
i) Common causes of bleeding from the mouth include: | i) Common causes of bleeding from the mouth include: | ||