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Woodfordia floribunda Salisb.
{{#seo:
|title=Charak Samhita
|titlemode=append
|keywords= *Dhataki, Woodfordia floribunda Salisb., Fire flame bush, Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
|description= Dhataki (Woodfordia floribunda Salisb.) is widely used in Ayurveda for managing diarrhoea, bleeding disorders, and wound healing. It acts as a potent astringent and pacifies Kapha and Pitta doshas.
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image_alt=charak samhita
|type=article
}}
 
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|title = Dhataki
|title = Dhataki
Line 5: Line 14:
|data1 = Herb database/Dhataki
|data1 = Herb database/Dhataki
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|label2 = Botanical name(s)
|data2 = Woodfordia floribunda Salisb.
|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodfordia_fruticosa Woodfordia floribunda Salisb.]
|label3 = Family
|label3 = Family
|data3 = Lythraceae
|data3 = Lythraceae
Line 11: Line 20:
|data4 = Available
|data4 = Available
|label5 = Contributors
|label5 = Contributors
|data5 = --
|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
|label6 = Year of publication  
|label6 = Year of publication
|data6 = 2025
|data6 = 2026
|label7 = Publisher  
|label7 = Publisher
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
|label8 = DOI  
|label8 = DOI
|data8 = Awaited
|data8 = Awaited
}}
}}
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodfordia_fruticosa Woodfordia floribunda Salisb.]''' (syn. ''Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz''), popularly known as '''Dhataki''' (Fire flame bush), is a deciduous, much-branched shrub of the family Lythraceae. Its red flowers are widely used in [[Ayurveda]] as an astringent, as a wound-healing drug and as a fermenting agent in ''Arishtas'' and ''Asavas''. Most modern research is published under the name ''Woodfordia fruticosa''.


==English name==
==English name==
Fire flame bush
Fire flame bush


==Therapeutic uses<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health nd Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :22 </ref>==
==Therapeutic uses==
Atisara (diarrhoea), raktapitta(bleeding disorder), trushna(thirst), vrana(wound),visarpa(herpes)
Atisara (diarrhoea), Raktapitta (bleeding disorder), Trushna (thirst), Vrana (wound), Visarpa (herpes)<ref name="ref1" />


==Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
==Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
Dhatakipushpa, Dhatupushpi(flowers of dhataki are red in colour like that of red ochre), Vanhijwala, Samanga, Tamrapushpi, Kunjara, Subhiksha, Bahupushpi, Vanhipushpi(the flowers are red in colour like that of flame)
Dhatakipushpa, Dhatupushpi (flowers of Dhataki are red in colour like that of red ochre), Vanhijwala, Samanga, Tamrapushpi, Kunjara, Subhiksha, Bahupushpi, Vanhipushpi (the flowers are red in colour like that of flame)
 
==Traditional Context==
In Ayurvedic therapeutics Dhataki is included among the ''Sandhaniya'' (promoting union of tissues) and ''Purishasangrahaniya'' (faecal astringent) groups. It has cold potency (''sheeta veerya'') and pungent post-digestion effect (''katu vipaka''), and pacifies Pitta and Kapha doshas.


== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
==Ayurvedic pharmacological properties==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Sr.no.'''  
|'''Sr.no.'''
|'''Pharmacological criteria'''
|'''Pharmacological criteria'''
|'''Properties'''
|'''Properties'''
|-
|-
|1
|1
|Taste (rasa)
|Taste ([[rasa]])
|Astringent (kashaya)
|Astringent (kashaya)
|-
|-
|2
|2
|Potency (veerya)
|Potency ([[veerya]])
|Cold (sheeta)
|Cold (sheeta)
|-
|-
|3
|3
|Post digestion effect (vipaka)
|Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]])
|Pungent (katu)
|Pungent (katu)
|-
|-
|4
|4
|Qualities (guna)
|Qualities ([[guna]])
|Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha)
|Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha)
|-
|-
|5
|5
|Actions (karma)
|Actions ([[karma]])
|Pacify Kapha and Pitta
|Pacify Kapha and Pitta
|-
|}
|}


==Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==
==Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Herbs and their activities'''
|+ Herbs and their activities
|'''Sr.no.'''
|'''Reference in Charak Samhita'''
|'''Activity'''
|-
|-
|1
! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(5)
|Sandhaniya  mahakashaya(promoting union/binding)
|-
|-
|2
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(5) || Sandhaniya mahakashaya (promoting union/binding)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(31)
|Purishsangrahaniya  mahakashaya(faecal astringents)
|-
|-
|3
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(31) || Purishsangrahaniya mahakashaya (faecal astringents)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(31)
|Purishsangrahaniya mahakashaya(faecal astringents)
|-
|-
|4
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(34) || Mootravirajaniya mahakashaya (urinary depigmenters)
|Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(34)
|Mootravirajaniyamahakashaya(urinary depigmenters)
|-
|-
|5
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/144 || Kashaya-skandha (group of astringent drugs)
|Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/144
|Kashaya-skandha(group of astringent drugs)
|-
|-
|6
| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/32 || Garbha shalya chikitsa
|Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 8/32
|Garbha shalya chikitsa
|-
|-
|7
| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/258 || As an ingredient of Chandanadhya taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/258
|As an ingredient ofChandanadhya taila.
|-
|-
|8
| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/46 || In Yavagu (gruel) prayoga
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/46  
|In Yavagu(gruel) prayoga.
|-
|-
|9
| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/81 || As an ingredient of Priyangvadi peya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/81  
|As an ingredient of Priyangvadi peya.
|-
|-
|10
| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/99 || Used in yoga of Nasagata raktapitta in the form of Avapida nasya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/99
|Used in yoga of Nasagata raktapitta in the form of Avapida nasya.
|-
|-
|11
| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/31 || Used for making decoction in Pittaja prameha (diabetes)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/31
|Used for making decoction in Pittaj  Prameh (diabetes)
|-
|-
|12
| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/95 || Bahyaprayogarth lepa in kushtha (skin disease)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/95
|Bahyaprayogarth Lepa in Kushth (skin disease)  
|-
|-
|13
| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/130 || Ingredient in Atisara nashaka khada-yusha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/130
|Ingredient in Atisar nashak  Khad-yush
|-
|-
|14
| 13 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/197 || Used in raktarsha
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/197  
|Used in raktarsha
|-
|-
|15
| 14 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/230 || As an ingredient of Hriberadi ghrita
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/230
|As an ingredient of hriberadi ghrita
|-
|-
|16
| 15 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54 || As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaja atisara
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/54
|As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaj atisara.
|-
|-
|17
| 16 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/90 || Used as a pratisarana dravya
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/90
|Use aa a pratisarana dravya  
|-
|-
|18
| 17 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107 || As an ingredient of Ajajyadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/107
|As an ingredient of ajajyadi churna.
|-
|-
|19
| 18 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/108 || As an ingredient of Rasanjanadi churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/108
|As an ingredient of rasanjanadi churna.
|-
|-
|20
| 19 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/66, 67 || Used for avchurnana
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/109
|As a yoga dravya
|-
|-
|21
| 20 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/89 || Used as vranaropaka pralepa (external application)
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/110
|As a yoga dravya
|-
|-
|22
| 21 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/90 || As an ingredient of Kampillakadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/66,67
|Used for avchurnana.
|-
|-
|23
| 22 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/30 || As an ingredient of Urustambha nashaka yoga
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/89
|Used as vranaropaka Pralepa.(external application)
|-
|-
|24
| 23 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/78 || As an ingredient of Dhatakyadi taila
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/90
|As an ingredient of Kampillakadi taila.
|-
|-
|25
| 24 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92 || As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 27/30
|As an ingredient of Urustambha nashak Yoga
|-
|-
|26
| 25 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/121, 122 || Used in the treatment of Pichhila yoni
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/78
|As an ingredient of Dhatakyadi taila.
|-
|-
|27
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/92
|As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna.
|-
|28
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/121
|Used in the treatment of Pichhila yoni.
|-
|29
|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/122
|Used in the treatment of Pichhila yoni.
|}
|}


==Dose<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health nd Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :22 </ref>==
==Dose==
* 3-6 gm of drug in powder form
* 3–6 g of drug in powder form<ref name="ref1" />
==Important formulation<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health nd Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1 :22 </ref>==
 
==Important formulations==
As per A.P.I.
* Bruhat gangadhara churna
* Bruhat gangadhara churna
* Pushyanuga churna
* Dhatakyadi taila


==Current availability==
Available
* '''In India –''' Widely distributed throughout the hilly regions of India.
==Phytoconstituents==
Woodfordia fruticosa has yielded the following major classes of compounds, mainly from the flowers and leaves:<ref name="Das2007" />
* '''Tannins:''' especially macrocyclic hydrolysable tannins (for example woodfordin C from the flowers).
* '''Flavonoids:''' including an anthocyanin pigment in the flowers.
* '''Anthraquinone glycosides.'''
* '''Other polyphenols.'''
==Pharmacological Activities and Therapeutic Efficacy==
All studies below are preclinical (animal or in vitro). No controlled human clinical trial is cited in this monograph. Most studies used extracts of a specific plant part, which is stated for each topic.
===Antidiarrhoeal activity (Atisara)===
Methanolic extracts of the bark (200 and 400 mg/kg) and of the leaf (400 mg/kg) showed statistically significant antidiarrhoeal activity in rodents. This study used leaf and bark, not the flower, which is the part used in Ayurveda.<ref name="Rahman2023" />
===Wound healing (Vrana)===
The ethanolic extract of the flowers (250 and 500 mg/kg in rats) showed dose-dependent wound-healing activity in excision, incision and dead-space models, with increased wound contraction and breaking strength. The ethanolic extract also showed strong, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.<ref name="Verma2013" />
===Anti-inflammatory activity===
Methanol, ethyl acetate and hydro-alcohol extracts of the flowers (200 mg/kg, oral) inhibited egg-albumin and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. The extracts also showed antioxidant (free-radical stabilizing) and mast-cell stabilizing activity, and in vitro membrane stabilization.<ref name="Ghante2014" />
==Safety, Toxicity and Dosage==
* '''Toxicity:''' The ethanolic flower extract produced no toxicity symptoms or mortality up to 2000 mg/kg, orally, in rats in an acute toxicity study following OECD guidelines.<ref name="Ghante2012" />
* '''Precautions (Ayurvedic, no experimental reference cited):''' Because of its strong astringent (''kashaya'') nature, people with chronic severe constipation should use it cautiously. No reference could be verified for the pregnancy-related safety of Dhataki, so no statement is made here; use only under physician supervision.
* '''Standard therapeutic dose:''' Flower powder (churna) 3–6 g daily, or as advised by an Ayurvedic physician (see Dose above).


==Current availability ==
==Summary of Therapeutic Profile==
Available
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
India - hilly region of india
|+ Therapeutic applications of ''Woodfordia fruticosa'' (preclinical evidence)
! Indication
! Part / preparation studied
! Principal finding
|-
| '''Diarrhoea / Atisara'''
| Methanolic bark and leaf extracts
| Significant antidiarrhoeal activity in rodents
|-
| '''Wounds / Vrana'''
| Ethanolic flower extract
| Increased wound contraction and breaking strength in rats; antimicrobial activity
|-
| '''Inflammation / Visarpa'''
| Flower extracts
| Inhibition of carrageenan and egg-albumin induced inflammation in rats
|-
|}


==Current researches ==
==References==
https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Woodfordia%20floribunda
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1: 22.</ref>
<ref name="Das2007">{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=P. K. |last2=Goswami |first2=S. |last3=Chinniah |first3=A. |last4=Panda |first4=N. |last5=Banerjee |first5=S. |last6=Sahu |first6=N. P. |last7=Achari |first7=B. |year=2007 |title=Woodfordia fruticosa: traditional uses and recent findings |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=189–199}}</ref>
<ref name="Rahman2023">{{cite journal |last1=Rahman |first1=M. M. |last2=Soma |first2=M. A. |last3=Sultana |first3=N. |last4=Hossain |first4=M. J. |last5=Sufian |first5=M. A. |last6=Rahman |first6=M. O. |last7=Rashid |first7=M. A. |year=2023 |title=Exploring therapeutic potential of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz leaf and bark focusing on antioxidant, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiarrheal properties |journal=Health Science Reports |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=e1654 |doi=10.1002/hsr2.1654}}</ref>
<ref name="Verma2013">{{cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=N. |last2=Amresh |first2=G. |last3=Sahu |first3=P. K. |last4=Mishra |first4=N. |last5=Rao |first5=Ch. V. |last6=Singh |first6=A. P. |year=2013 |title=Wound healing potential of flowers extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz |journal=Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=296–304 |pmid=24772949}}</ref>
<ref name="Ghante2014">{{cite journal |last1=Ghante |first1=M. H. |last2=Bhusari |first2=K. P. |last3=Duragkar |first3=N. J. |last4=Ghiware |first4=N. B. |year=2014 |title=Pharmacological evaluation for anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory potential of Woodfordia fruticosa flower extracts |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=52 |issue=7 |pages=804–813}}</ref>
<ref name="Ghante2012">{{cite journal |last1=Ghante |first1=M. H. |last2=Bhusari |first2=K. P. |last3=Duragkar |first3=N. J. |last4=Jain |first4=N. S. |last5=Warokar |first5=A. S. |year=2012 |title=Bronchoprotective, bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract from Woodfordia fruticosa (Kurz.) flowers |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=168–173}}</ref>
}}


[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
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Latest revision as of 13:17, 10 October 2026


Dhataki
Section/Chapter Herb database/Dhataki
Botanical name(s) Woodfordia floribunda Salisb.
Family Lythraceae
Availability Available
Contributors Team Dravyaguna
Year of publication 2026
Publisher Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI Awaited

Woodfordia floribunda Salisb. (syn. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz), popularly known as Dhataki (Fire flame bush), is a deciduous, much-branched shrub of the family Lythraceae. Its red flowers are widely used in Ayurveda as an astringent, as a wound-healing drug and as a fermenting agent in Arishtas and Asavas. Most modern research is published under the name Woodfordia fruticosa.

English name

Fire flame bush

Therapeutic uses

Atisara (diarrhoea), Raktapitta (bleeding disorder), Trushna (thirst), Vrana (wound), Visarpa (herpes)[1]

Synonyms in Charak Samhita

Dhatakipushpa, Dhatupushpi (flowers of Dhataki are red in colour like that of red ochre), Vanhijwala, Samanga, Tamrapushpi, Kunjara, Subhiksha, Bahupushpi, Vanhipushpi (the flowers are red in colour like that of flame)

Traditional Context

In Ayurvedic therapeutics Dhataki is included among the Sandhaniya (promoting union of tissues) and Purishasangrahaniya (faecal astringent) groups. It has cold potency (sheeta veerya) and pungent post-digestion effect (katu vipaka), and pacifies Pitta and Kapha doshas.

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

Sr.no. Pharmacological criteria Properties
1 Taste (rasa) Astringent (kashaya)
2 Potency (veerya) Cold (sheeta)
3 Post digestion effect (vipaka) Pungent (katu)
4 Qualities (guna) Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha)
5 Actions (karma) Pacify Kapha and Pitta

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

Herbs and their activities
Sr.no. Reference in Charak Samhita Activity
1 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(5) Sandhaniya mahakashaya (promoting union/binding)
2 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(31) Purishsangrahaniya mahakashaya (faecal astringents)
3 Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 4/9(34) Mootravirajaniya mahakashaya (urinary depigmenters)
4 Cha.Sa.Vimana Sthana 8/144 Kashaya-skandha (group of astringent drugs)
5 Cha.Sa.Sharira Sthana 8/32 Garbha shalya chikitsa
6 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 3/258 As an ingredient of Chandanadhya taila
7 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 4/46 In Yavagu (gruel) prayoga
8 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 4/81 As an ingredient of Priyangvadi peya
9 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 4/99 Used in yoga of Nasagata raktapitta in the form of Avapida nasya
10 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 6/31 Used for making decoction in Pittaja prameha (diabetes)
11 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 7/95 Bahyaprayogarth lepa in kushtha (skin disease)
12 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 8/130 Ingredient in Atisara nashaka khada-yusha
13 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/197 Used in raktarsha
14 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 14/230 As an ingredient of Hriberadi ghrita
15 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/54 As a yoga dravya in treatment of pittaja atisara
16 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/90 Used as a pratisarana dravya
17 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/107 As an ingredient of Ajajyadi churna
18 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 19/108 As an ingredient of Rasanjanadi churna
19 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 25/66, 67 Used for avchurnana
20 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 25/89 Used as vranaropaka pralepa (external application)
21 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 25/90 As an ingredient of Kampillakadi taila
22 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 27/30 As an ingredient of Urustambha nashaka yoga
23 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/78 As an ingredient of Dhatakyadi taila
24 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/92 As an ingredient of Pushyanuga churna
25 Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 30/121, 122 Used in the treatment of Pichhila yoni

Dose

  • 3–6 g of drug in powder form[1]

Important formulations

As per A.P.I.

  • Bruhat gangadhara churna
  • Pushyanuga churna
  • Dhatakyadi taila

Current availability

Available

  • In India – Widely distributed throughout the hilly regions of India.

Phytoconstituents

Woodfordia fruticosa has yielded the following major classes of compounds, mainly from the flowers and leaves:[2]

  • Tannins: especially macrocyclic hydrolysable tannins (for example woodfordin C from the flowers).
  • Flavonoids: including an anthocyanin pigment in the flowers.
  • Anthraquinone glycosides.
  • Other polyphenols.

Pharmacological Activities and Therapeutic Efficacy

All studies below are preclinical (animal or in vitro). No controlled human clinical trial is cited in this monograph. Most studies used extracts of a specific plant part, which is stated for each topic.

Antidiarrhoeal activity (Atisara)

Methanolic extracts of the bark (200 and 400 mg/kg) and of the leaf (400 mg/kg) showed statistically significant antidiarrhoeal activity in rodents. This study used leaf and bark, not the flower, which is the part used in Ayurveda.[3]

Wound healing (Vrana)

The ethanolic extract of the flowers (250 and 500 mg/kg in rats) showed dose-dependent wound-healing activity in excision, incision and dead-space models, with increased wound contraction and breaking strength. The ethanolic extract also showed strong, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.[4]

Anti-inflammatory activity

Methanol, ethyl acetate and hydro-alcohol extracts of the flowers (200 mg/kg, oral) inhibited egg-albumin and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. The extracts also showed antioxidant (free-radical stabilizing) and mast-cell stabilizing activity, and in vitro membrane stabilization.[5]

Safety, Toxicity and Dosage

  • Toxicity: The ethanolic flower extract produced no toxicity symptoms or mortality up to 2000 mg/kg, orally, in rats in an acute toxicity study following OECD guidelines.[6]
  • Precautions (Ayurvedic, no experimental reference cited): Because of its strong astringent (kashaya) nature, people with chronic severe constipation should use it cautiously. No reference could be verified for the pregnancy-related safety of Dhataki, so no statement is made here; use only under physician supervision.
  • Standard therapeutic dose: Flower powder (churna) 3–6 g daily, or as advised by an Ayurvedic physician (see Dose above).

Summary of Therapeutic Profile

Therapeutic applications of Woodfordia fruticosa (preclinical evidence)
Indication Part / preparation studied Principal finding
Diarrhoea / Atisara Methanolic bark and leaf extracts Significant antidiarrhoeal activity in rodents
Wounds / Vrana Ethanolic flower extract Increased wound contraction and breaking strength in rats; antimicrobial activity
Inflammation / Visarpa Flower extracts Inhibition of carrageenan and egg-albumin induced inflammation in rats

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 1: 22.
  2. ↑ Das, P. K.; Goswami, S.; Chinniah, A.; Panda, N.; Banerjee, S.; Sahu, N. P.; Achari, B. (2007). "Woodfordia fruticosa: traditional uses and recent findings". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 110 (2): 189–199. 
  3. ↑ Rahman, M. M.; Soma, M. A.; Sultana, N.; Hossain, M. J.; Sufian, M. A.; Rahman, M. O.; Rashid, M. A. (2023). "Exploring therapeutic potential of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz leaf and bark focusing on antioxidant, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiarrheal properties". Health Science Reports. 6 (10): e1654. doi:10.1002/hsr2.1654. 
  4. ↑ Verma, N.; Amresh, G.; Sahu, P. K.; Mishra, N.; Rao, Ch. V.; Singh, A. P. (2013). "Wound healing potential of flowers extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz". Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 50 (4): 296–304. PMID 24772949. 
  5. ↑ Ghante, M. H.; Bhusari, K. P.; Duragkar, N. J.; Ghiware, N. B. (2014). "Pharmacological evaluation for anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory potential of Woodfordia fruticosa flower extracts". Pharmaceutical Biology. 52 (7): 804–813. 
  6. ↑ Ghante, M. H.; Bhusari, K. P.; Duragkar, N. J.; Jain, N. S.; Warokar, A. S. (2012). "Bronchoprotective, bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract from Woodfordia fruticosa (Kurz.) flowers". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 46 (2): 168–173. 

Herbs

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