Talk:Trivrut: Difference between revisions

|keywords= *Trivrut, Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso, Indian Jalap,Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operculina_turpethum Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso]

|data4 = Available

|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]

|label6 = Year of publication

|data6 = 2026

|label7 = Publisher

|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|label8 = DOI

|data8 = Awaited

Indian Jalap, Turpeth, St. Thomas lidpod

==Therapeutic Uses==

Malabandha (constipation), Gulma (abdominal lumps), Udararoga (generalized enlargement of abdomen), Jwara (fever), Pandu (anemia), Pleeha (splenic disorders), Vrana (wound), Krumi (worms), Kustha (skin diseases), Kandu (itching)<ref name="ref1" />

==Other Varieties / Other Botanical names==

* Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah & Bhatt.

* Ipomoea turpethum (L.) R.Br.

==Varieties Mentioned in Nighantus==

Mentioned 2 types<ref name="ref2" />

===Raja Nighantu===

Mentioned 2 types<ref name="ref3" />

 

===Dhanwantari Nighantu===

Mentioned 2 types<ref name="ref4" />

 

===Kaiyadeva Nighantu===

Mentioned 2 types<ref name="ref5" />

==Traditional Context==

Trivrut, Tribhandi (due to its triangular stem), Shyama, Kutarana, Sarvanubhuti (useful in many disorders), Suvaha, Triputa, Sarala (safe purgative), Nishoth

==Additional Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==

* '''Shveta Trivrut:''' Tribhandi, Trivruta, Triputa, Sarvanubhuti, Sarala, Nishotri, Rechani

* '''Shyama Trivrut:''' Shyama, Trivrut, Ardha chandra, Palindi, Sushenika, Masuravidala, Kali, Kaishika, Kalameshika<ref name="ref6" />

==Ayurvedic pharmacological properties==

|+ Properties

| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Bitter (tikta), Pungent (katu)

| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]]) || Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha), Sharp (tikshna)

| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify Kapha and Pitta

==Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions==

! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity

| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/77 || Mulini (Virechana) (Therapeutic purgation)

| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 2/9 || Churna pradeha (external application)

| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 3/5 || Used for Lepa as external application with other herbs and mustard oil in skin diseases

| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(25) || Asthapanopag (helping corrective enema) mahakashaya

| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 15/17 || Dravya for Virechana (purgation)

| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 6/18 || Abhyantar Krimi Chikitsa (treatment of worms)

| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/135 || Vamana dravyani (drug for emesis)

| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/6 || Shodhanartha (for purification)

| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/3-4 || Shodhanartha (for purification)

| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 7/04 || Trivritta Synonyms

| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 8/11 || Aragvadha Yoga

| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 8/12 || Aragvadha Avaleha

| 14 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 10/15 || Nasya Yoga

| 15 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/209 || Used in Pitta-Kaphaja jwara (fever) with sarkara

| 16 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/231 || Used for virechana karma with madhu-sarpi

| 17 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/299 || Used in Vishama jwara (fever)

| 18 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/57 || As a Virechana dravya (drug for purgation)

| 19 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/44 || As Virechana dravya (drug for purgation)

| 20 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/56 || For scrapping action

| 21 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/69 || Ingredient in Triphaladi Churna

| 22 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/85 || Bahyaprayogarth lepa in mandala kushtha (skin disease)

| 23 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/124 || Bahyaprayogarth lepa in Vata-Kaphaja kushtha (skin disease)

| 24 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/153 || Ingredient in Mahakhadir Ghrita

| 25 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/20 || Ingredient in Mahapanchagavya Ghrita

| 26 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/44 || As a Nasya dravya

| 27 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/21 || In treatment of Kaphaja svayathu (swelling)

| 28 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/24 || In treatment of Vataja svayathu (swelling)

| 29 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/25 || In treatment of Vataja svayathu (swelling)

| 30 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/69 || Indicated in treatment of pittodara (for virechana)

| 31 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/138 || In treatment of udararoga for virechana (Hapushadya churna)

| 32 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/120 || As an ingredient of Patoladi churna

| 33 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/126 || As an ingredient of Narayana churna

| 34 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/134 || As an ingredient of Hapushadya churna

| 35 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/155 || Taila prayoga is vedanahara in vatodara

| 36 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/164 || In formulation of ksharvatika

| 37 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/167 || In condition of vibandha (constipation) in udararoga

| 38 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 13/181 || In sannipatodara (after vishaprayoga)

| 39 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/54 || Used as lepa on arsha (hemorrhoids)

| 40 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/55 || Used as lepa

| 41 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/66 || Use trivrut churna with triphala kwatha

| 42 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/122 || Shaka prayoga in arsha (hemorrhoids)

| 43 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/231 || Used in treatment of tikshnagni

| 44 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/57 || Used in Snehottar Virechana Yoga

| 45 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/59 || Used in Kaphaja Pandu Roga

| 46 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/66 || Used in Swarnakshiradi yoga

| 47 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/93 || As an ingredient of Punarnava Mandura

| 48 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/135 || Used in chikitsa of halimaka

| 49 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/85 || As a virechana dravya in pittaja kasa

| 50 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/121 || As a yoga dravya

| 51 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/151 || As a mrudu sodhana dravya

| 52 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/26 || For anulomana in pittaja chhardi (vomiting)

| 53 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/64 || For virechana, give along with ghrita, paya, or ushnodaka

| 54 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/66 || For subsiding visarpa and jvara, give ghrita and trivruta churna with triphala kwatha for virechana

| 55 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/67 || In guru koshthi patient, give along with amalaki rasa for virechana

| 56 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/203 || As an ingredient of Karnika nashaka yoga

| 57 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/241 || As an ingredient of Nagadantyadi ghrita

| 58 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 25/85 || Used as vranashodhaka lepa

| 59 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/12 || Used to make udavarta varti

| 60 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/14 || Used in udavarta for pradhamana

| 61 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/98 || As an ingredient of Udumbaravleha

| 62 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/110 || Used in treatment of udavarta, vatala, mahayoni & strasta

| 63 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/254 || Used in treatment of stanya dosha (vitiated breast milk)

==Dose==

* 1–3 g of the drug in powder form<ref name="ref1" />

==Important Formulations==

As per A.P.I.

==Current availability==

The purgative action of Trivrut is established in Ayurvedic classics (see Charak Samhita table above). No primary experimental study of its purgative effect could be verified for this monograph, so no modern reference is given for this topic.

===Antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activity===

The ethanolic root extract (200 mg/kg, oral) significantly lowered the raised SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin in paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats, and histology showed less hepatocellular damage.<ref name="Kumar2006" />

 

 

<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume III:96.</ref>

<ref name="ref3">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raj Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed. 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi; Pippalyadi Varga, Verse no. 168-169, p. 169.</ref>

<ref name="Gupta2017">{{cite journal |last1=Gupta |first1=S. |last2=Ved |first2=A. |year=2017 |title=Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso as a medicinal plant species: a review on bioactive components and pharmacological properties |journal=Pharmacognosy Reviews |volume=11 |issue=22 |pages=158–166 |doi=10.4103/phrev.phrev_6_17}}</ref>

<ref name="Ved2022">{{cite journal |last1=Ved |first1=A. |last2=Gupta |first2=S. |last3=Singh |first3=N. |last4=Shukla |first4=K. S. |last5=Prakash |first5=O. |last6=Gaur |first6=N. |year=2022 |title=Pharmacognostical standardization, isolation of phytoconstituents (β-sitosterol), HPTLC analysis of extracts of Operculina turpethum (Linn.) roots and evaluation of cytotoxic, in vitro, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities |journal=Letters in Organic Chemistry |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=636–650 |doi=10.2174/1570178618666210413143914}}</ref>