Talk:Jatamansi: Difference between revisions

(7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)

Line 1:

Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.

{{#seo:

|title=Charak Samhita

|titlemode=append

|keywords= *Jatamansi, Nardostachys jatamansi Dc., Spikenard, Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,

|description= Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.) is widely used in Ayurveda as a premier brain tonic (Medhya), sedative, and anti-stress agent. It helps pacify all three doshas and is traditionally indicated for insomnia, mental disorders, and skin diseases.

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

}}

{{Infobox

|title = Jatamansi

Line 5:

Line 14:

|data1 = Herb database/Jatamansi

|label2 = Botanical name(s)

|data2 = Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.

|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nardostachys_jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.]

|label3 = Family

|data3 = Caprifoliaceae

Line 13:

Line 22:

|data5 = Available

|label6 = Contributors

|data6 = --

|data6 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]

|label7 = Year of publication

|data7 = ~~2024~~

|data7 = 2026

|label8 = Publisher

|data8 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|label9 = DOI

|data9 = Awaited

}}

'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nardostachys_jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.]''', popularly known as '''Jatamansi''' (Spikenard), is an endangered perennial dwarf, spikenard herb belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae (Valerianaceae). It is highly revered in [[Ayurveda]] as a prominent ''Medhya'' (intellect-promoting) and nerve-calming herb, traditionally utilized for managing mental disorders, sleep disturbances, skin ailments, and neurological imbalance.

==English name ==

Spikenard

==Therapeutic use==

Daha (burning sensation), ~~kushtha~~ (obstinate skin diseases), ~~visarpa~~ (acute spreading ~~erysepalas~~), ~~manasa~~ roga (mental disorders), ~~anidra~~ (insomnia)

Daha (burning sensation), Kushtha (obstinate skin diseases), Visarpa (acute spreading erysipelas), Manasa roga (mental disorders), Anidra (insomnia)<ref name="ref1"/>

==Other Varieties / Other Botanical names==

* Fedia grandiflora Wall., nom. nud.

* Fedia jatamansi Wall. ex DC.

* Nardostachys chinensis Batalin

* Nardostachys gracilis Kitam.

* Nardostachys grandiflora DC.

* Nardostachys jatamansi C.B.Clarke

* Patrinia jatamansi D.Don

* Valeriana jatamansi D.Don

* Valeriana jatamansi D.Don,

* Valeriana jatamansi (D.Don) Wall.

==Identification Characters==

* '''Jatila''' – Jatamansi has matted hairs.

* '''Bhutajata''' – Jatamansi has fibers in the rhizomes that appear like matted hairs.

* '''Krishnajata''' – Rhizome of Jatamansi is black in colour.

* '''Mishi''' - Rhizome of Jatamansi is black in colour.

* '''Mishi''' – Rhizome of Jatamansi is black in colour.

* '''Sulomasha''' – Fibers on rhizome are neatly arranged like a matted hair.

* '''Nalada''' – Rhizome of Jatamansi has agreeable odour.

==Types==

===Raja Nighantu===

Mentioned 3 types<ref name="ref2"/>

# Jatamansi

# Gandhamansi

# Akasamansi

~~===Raja Nighantu1- 3===~~

[[File:Nardostachys_jatamansi.jpg|thumb|Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi)]]

# Jatamansi

~~# Gandhamansi~~

~~# Akasamansi~~

== Botanical Profile & Traditional Context ==

In traditional Ayurvedic texts, Jatamansi is classified under ''Tridoshahara'' (pacifying all three doshas) and acts as a premier brain tonic (''medhya''). Possessing bitter (''tikta''), astringent (''kashaya''), and sweet (''madhura'') tastes, cold potency (''sheeta veerya''), and a pungent post-digestion effect (''katu vipaka''), it is widely prescribed for consciousness promotion (''sandnyasthapana'') and mental tranquility.<ref name="ref3"/>

== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==

Mansi, Mamsi, Nalad, Bhutajata, Jatila, Tapasvini.

Mansi, Mamsi, Nalad, Bhutajata, Jatila, Tapasvini

==Additional Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==

Jatamansi

Jatamansi<ref name="ref3"/>

== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==

Line 73:

Line 83:

! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties

|-

| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya), Sweet (madhura)

| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya), Sweet (madhura)<ref name="ref3"/>

|-

| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Cold (sheeta)

| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Cold (sheeta)<ref name="ref3"/>

|-

| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)

| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)<ref name="ref3"/>

|-

| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)

| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)<ref name="ref3"/>

|-

| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify all three ~~dosha~~ (tridoshahara), Brain tonic (medhya)

| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify all three doshas (tridoshahara), Brain tonic (medhya)<ref name="ref3"/>

|-

|}

== Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==

Line 91:

Line 102:

! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity

|-

| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(48)

| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(48) || Sandnyasthapana mahakashaya (regaining consciousness group of herbs)

| Sandnyasthapana (regaining consciousness) ~~mahakashaya~~

|-

| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/21

| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/21 || Dhuma varti dravya (used in medicated wick for smoking)

| Dhuma varti dravya(used in medicated wick for smoking)

|-

| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/23 ||Vamanartha(for therapeutic emesis)

| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/23 || Vamanartha (for therapeutic emesis)

|-

|4

| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267 || As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267

|As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila.

|-

|5

| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/87 || Bahyaprayogartha lepa in Kushtha (obstinate skin diseases)

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/87

|~~Bahyaprayogarth~~ lepa in ~~Kushtha~~ (obstinate skin diseases)

|-

|6

| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/34 || Ingredient in Palankashadi taila

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/34

|Ingredient in Palankashadi taila

|-

|7

| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/65 || For lepa, abhyangadi bahyaprayogartha (external applications in massage)

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/65

|For ~~Lepa~~, ~~Abhyangadi Bahyaprayogartha~~ (external applications in ~~massagae~~)

|-

|8

| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/78 || Used for shodhanottara (after purification) dhumpana (medicated smoking)

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/78

|Used for shodhanottara(after purification) dhumpana (medicated smoking).

|-

|9

| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/69 || As an ingredient of Manahsiladi dhuma

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/69

|As an ingredient of ~~manahsiladi~~ dhuma.

|-

|10

| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/33 || Trishna (morbid thirst) & Chhardi (vomiting) shamaka yoga

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/33

|~~Trusha~~(morbid thirst) & Chhardi(vomiting)-shamaka yoga.

|-

|11

| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/54 || As an ingredient of Mrita sanjivani agada

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/54

|As an ingredient of Mrita sanjivani agada.

|-

|12

| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/102 || As an ingredient of Ksharagada

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/102

|As an ingredient of ~~ksharagada.~~

|-

|13

| 13 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/190 || As an ingredient of Mamsyadi yoga

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/190

|As an ingredient of Mamsyadi yoga.

|-

|14

| 14 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/65 || As an ingredient of Trutyadi churna

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/65

|As an ingredient of Trutyadi churna.

|-

|15

| 15 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/182 || Used in Kaphaja sira shoola for dhoomavarti

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/182

|Used in Kaphaja sira shoola for dhoomavarti.

|-

|16

| 16 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/209 || As an ingredient of Khadiradi gutika

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/209

|As an ingredient of Khadiradi gutika.

|-

|17

| 17 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/234 || Used in Pittaja netraroga

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/234

|Used in Pittaja netraroga.

|-

|18

| 18 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/153 || As an ingredient of Bala taila

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/153

|As an ingredient of Bala taila.

|-

|19

| 19 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/158 || As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila

|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/158

|As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila.

|-

|}

==Dose==

*~~2-3~~ g ~~of the drug in powder form.~~

* Powder form: 2–3 g<ref name="ref1"/>

*~~5-10~~ g ~~of the drug for decoction.~~

* Decoction form: 5–10 g<ref name="ref1"/>

==Important formulations==

*Jatamamsi arka

As per A.P.I.<ref name="ref1"/>

* Jatamamsi arka

== Current availability==

Available

* '''In India –''' High alpine and sub-alpine Himalayan ranges of India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand).

* '''Out of India –''' Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal.

== Phytoconstituents ==

The roots of ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' are reported to contain sesquiterpenes (jatamansic acid and jatamansone), lignans and neolignans, and the rhizomes contain the terpenoid ester nardostachysin I. Phytochemical analysis of an aqueous root extract showed sterols, carbohydrates, terpenes, phenols, gums and mucilage, and chromatographic comparison with a jatamansone standard confirmed the presence of terpenoids.<ref name="rasheed2010"/>

== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy ==

=== Neurochemical Action (''Medhya'') ===

Jatamansi is classified in Ayurveda as a ''Medhya'' (brain tonic) drug, and its effect on brain neurochemistry has been studied in rats.

* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An alcoholic root extract given orally raised brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and increased GABA and taurine levels in male Wistar rats. After 15 days of treatment the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and GABA were all increased. The authors concluded that the extract causes an overall increase in central monoamines and inhibitory amino acids.<ref name="prabhu1994"/>

=== Antidepressant-like Action ===

* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An ethanolic root extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg orally for 14 days) produced a significant antidepressant-like effect in mice in the tail suspension and forced swim tests. The effect was comparable to imipramine and sertraline, and the extract did not change locomotor activity.<ref name="dhingra2008"/>

* '''Mechanism:''' The extract decreased whole-brain MAO-A and MAO-B activity, and its effect was reversed by the GABA-B agonist baclofen. The authors suggested that MAO inhibition and interaction with GABA-B receptors are involved.<ref name="dhingra2008"/>

=== Anticonvulsant Action ===

Jatamansi is associated in Ayurveda with ''Sandnyasthapana'' (restoration of consciousness) and has been tested in seizure models.

* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An ethanol extract of the roots significantly raised the seizure threshold in the maximal electroshock model in rats, with minimal neurotoxicity at those doses, but it was ineffective against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. In combination with phenytoin, 50 mg/kg of the extract raised the protective index of phenytoin from 3.63 to 13.18.<ref name="rao2005"/>

=== Neuroprotective Action ===

* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Rats pre-treated for three weeks with an ethanolic root extract (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) before an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion showed a dose-dependent restoration of the increased drug-induced rotations and the locomotor deficits. The authors concluded that Jatamansi may help in attenuating parkinsonism.<ref name="ahmad2006"/>

== Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage ==

* '''Acute and repeated-dose toxicity (animal study):''' An aqueous root extract showed an oral LD<sub>50</sub> above 5000 mg/kg in rats. Given at 1000 mg/kg daily for 28 days, it caused no significant change in haematological parameters and no change in the architecture of the liver, kidney or brain.<ref name="rasheed2010"/>

* '''Precautions:''' Use under the guidance of a qualified Ayurveda physician, particularly during pregnancy and lactation, in chronic conditions, or when taking conventional medicines.

* '''Standard Therapeutic Dosage:'''

** ''Rhizome powder (churna):'' 2–3 g<ref name="ref1"/>

** ''Decoction (kwatha):'' 5–10 g of drug<ref name="ref1"/>

== Research Gaps ==

The pharmacological evidence for Jatamansi summarised above comes from studies in rodents. Clinical efficacy and safety in humans remain to be established through well-designed clinical trials.

== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"

|+ Experimental evidence for ''Nardostachys jatamansi''

! Indication !! Preparation studied !! Model !! Principal finding !! Reference

|-

| '''Brain tonic / Medhya''' || Alcoholic root extract || Wistar rats || Increased brain monoamines and inhibitory amino acids (GABA, taurine) || <ref name="prabhu1994"/>

|-

| '''Mental disorders / Manasa roga''' || Ethanolic root extract (100–400 mg/kg) || Mice (tail suspension and forced swim tests) || Antidepressant-like effect; reduced MAO-A and MAO-B activity || <ref name="dhingra2008"/>

|-

| '''Convulsions / Sandnyasthapana''' || Ethanol root extract || Rats (MES and PTZ models) || Raised seizure threshold in MES model; no effect against PTZ || <ref name="rao2005"/>

|-

| '''Neurodegeneration''' || Ethanolic root extract (200–600 mg/kg) || 6-OHDA parkinsonism in rats || Dose-dependent restoration of behavioural deficits || <ref name="ahmad2006"/>

|}

== References ==

{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I: 33.</ref>

<ref name="ref2">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raj Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, Chandanadi Varga, Verse no. 95, 97, 99, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi.</ref>

<ref name="ref3">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Karpuradi Varga, verse no. 75, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015.</ref>

<ref name="rasheed2010">{{cite journal |last1=Rasheed |first1=A. S. |last2=Venkataraman |first2=S. |last3=Jayaveera |first3=K. N. |last4=Mohammed Fazil |first4=A. |last5=Yasodha |first5=K. J. |last6=Aleem |first6=M. A. |last7=Mohammed |first7=M. |last8=Khaja |first8=Z. |last9=Ushasri |first9=B. |last10=Pradeep |first10=H. A. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |year=2010 |title=Evaluation of toxicological and antioxidant potential of ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' in reversing haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats |journal=International Journal of General Medicine |volume=3 |pages=127–136 |doi=10.2147/ijgm.s9156}}</ref>

<ref name="prabhu1994">{{cite journal |last1=Prabhu |first1=V. |last2=Karanth |first2=K. S. |last3=Rao |first3=A. |year=1994 |title=Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on biogenic amines and inhibitory amino acids in the rat brain.|journal=Planta Medica |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=114–117| doi=10.1055/s-2006-959429}}</ref>

== ~~Current availability~~==

<ref name="dhingra2008">{{cite journal |last1=Dhingra |first1=D. |last2=Goyal |first2=P. K. |year=2008 |title=Inhibition of MAO and GABA: probable mechanisms for antidepressant-like activity of ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' DC. in mice |journal=Indian Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=212–218 |pmid=18512329}}</ref>

~~Available~~

*In India – Himalayan ranges of India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkkim, Uttarakhand)

*Out of india – Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal

== ~~Current researches~~ ==

<ref name="rao2005">{{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=V. S. |last2=Rao |first2=A. |last3=Karanth |first3=K. S. |year=2005 |title=Anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity profile of ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' in rats |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=351–356 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.031 |pmid=16095854}}</ref>

~~[[Category~~: ~~Database of herbs~~ and ~~minerals~~ | ~~Herbs]]~~

<ref name="ahmad2006">{{cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=M. |last2=Yousuf |first2=S. |last3=Khan |first3=M. B. |last4=Hoda |first4=M. N. |last5=Ahmad |first5=A. S. |last6=Ansari |first6=M. A. |last7=Ishrat |first7=T. |last8=Agrawal |first8=A. K. |last9=Islam |first9=F. |year=2006 |title=Attenuation by ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonism in rats: behavioral, neurochemical, and immunohistochemical studies |journal=Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=150–160 |doi=10.1016/j.pbb.2006.01.005}}</ref>

}}

~~This article is under development .~~.

[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.
+{{#seo:
+|title=Charak Samhita
+|titlemode=append
+|keywords= *Jatamansi, Nardostachys jatamansi Dc., Spikenard, Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
+|description= Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.) is widely used in Ayurveda as a premier brain tonic (Medhya), sedative, and anti-stress agent. It helps pacify all three doshas and is traditionally indicated for insomnia, mental disorders, and skin diseases.
+|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
+|image_alt=charak samhita
+|type=article
+}}
 {{Infobox
 |title = Jatamansi
@@ Line 5: / Line 14: @@
 |data1 = Herb database/Jatamansi
 |label2 = Botanical name(s)
-|data2 = Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.
+|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nardostachys_jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.]
 |label3 = Family
 |data3 = Caprifoliaceae
@@ Line 13: / Line 22: @@
 |data5 = Available
 |label6 = Contributors
-|data6 = --
+|data6 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
 |label7 = Year of publication
-|data7 =  2024
+|data7 =  2026
 |label8 = Publisher
 |data8 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
 |label9 = DOI
 |data9  = Awaited
 }}
+'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nardostachys_jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi Dc.]''', popularly known as '''Jatamansi''' (Spikenard), is an endangered perennial dwarf, spikenard herb belonging to the family Caprifoliaceae (Valerianaceae). It is highly revered in [[Ayurveda]] as a prominent ''Medhya'' (intellect-promoting) and nerve-calming herb, traditionally utilized for managing mental disorders, sleep disturbances, skin ailments, and neurological imbalance.
 ==English name ==
 Spikenard
 ==Therapeutic use==
-Daha (burning sensation), kushtha (obstinate skin diseases), visarpa (acute spreading erysepalas), manasa roga (mental disorders), anidra (insomnia)
+Daha (burning sensation), Kushtha (obstinate skin diseases), Visarpa (acute spreading erysipelas), Manasa roga (mental disorders), Anidra (insomnia)<ref name="ref1"/>
 ==Other Varieties / Other Botanical names==
+* Fedia grandiflora Wall., nom. nud.
-* 	Fedia grandiflora Wall., nom. nud.
+* Fedia jatamansi Wall. ex DC.
-* 	Fedia jatamansi Wall. ex DC.
+* Nardostachys chinensis Batalin
-* 	Nardostachys chinensis Batalin
+* Nardostachys gracilis Kitam.
-* 	Nardostachys gracilis Kitam.
+* Nardostachys grandiflora DC.
-* 	Nardostachys grandiflora DC.
+* Nardostachys jatamansi C.B.Clarke
-* 	Nardostachys jatamansi C.B.Clarke
+* Patrinia jatamansi D.Don
-* 	Patrinia jatamansi D.Don
+* Valeriana jatamansi D.Don
-* 	Valeriana jatamansi D.Don,
+* Valeriana jatamansi (D.Don) Wall.
-* 	Valeriana jatamansi (D.Don) Wall.
 ==Identification Characters==
 * '''Jatila''' – Jatamansi has matted hairs.
 * '''Bhutajata''' – Jatamansi has fibers in the rhizomes that appear like matted hairs.
 * '''Krishnajata''' – Rhizome of Jatamansi is black in colour.
-* '''Mishi''' -  Rhizome of Jatamansi is black in colour.
+* '''Mishi''' – Rhizome of Jatamansi is black in colour.
 * '''Sulomasha''' – Fibers on rhizome are neatly arranged like a matted hair.
 * '''Nalada''' – Rhizome of Jatamansi has agreeable odour.
 ==Types==
+===Raja Nighantu===
+Mentioned 3 types<ref name="ref2"/>
+# Jatamansi
+# Gandhamansi
+# Akasamansi
-===Raja Nighantu1- 3===
+[[File:Nardostachys_jatamansi.jpg|thumb|Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi)]]
-# 	Jatamansi
-# 	Gandhamansi
-# 	Akasamansi
+== Botanical Profile & Traditional Context ==
+In traditional Ayurvedic texts, Jatamansi is classified under ''Tridoshahara'' (pacifying all three doshas) and acts as a premier brain tonic (''medhya''). Possessing bitter (''tikta''), astringent (''kashaya''), and sweet (''madhura'') tastes, cold potency (''sheeta veerya''), and a pungent post-digestion effect (''katu vipaka''), it is widely prescribed for consciousness promotion (''sandnyasthapana'') and mental tranquility.<ref name="ref3"/>
 == Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
-Mansi, Mamsi, Nalad, Bhutajata, Jatila, Tapasvini.
+Mansi, Mamsi, Nalad, Bhutajata, Jatila, Tapasvini
 ==Additional Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==
-Jatamansi
+Jatamansi<ref name="ref3"/>
 == Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
@@ Line 73: / Line 83: @@
 ! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
 |-
-| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya), Sweet (madhura)
+| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Bitter (tikta), Astringent (kashaya), Sweet (madhura)<ref name="ref3"/>
 |-
-| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Cold (sheeta)
+| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Cold (sheeta)<ref name="ref3"/>
 |-
-| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)
+| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)<ref name="ref3"/>
 |-
-| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)
+| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Light (laghu), Unctuous (snigdha)<ref name="ref3"/>
 |-
-| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify all three dosha (tridoshahara), Brain tonic (medhya)
+| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Pacify all three doshas (tridoshahara), Brain tonic (medhya)<ref name="ref3"/>
 |-
 |}
 == Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==
@@ Line 91: / Line 102: @@
 ! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity
 |-
-| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]  4/9(48)
+| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 4/9(48) || Sandnyasthapana mahakashaya (regaining consciousness group of herbs)
-| Sandnyasthapana (regaining consciousness)  mahakashaya
 |-
-| 2 ||Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/21
+| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 5/21 || Dhuma varti dravya (used in medicated wick for smoking)
-| Dhuma varti  dravya(used in medicated wick for smoking)
 |-
-| 3 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/23 ||Vamanartha(for therapeutic emesis)
+| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/23 || Vamanartha (for therapeutic emesis)
 |-
-|4
+| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267 || As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/267
-|As an ingredient of Agurvadi taila.
 |-
-|5
+| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/87 || Bahyaprayogartha lepa in Kushtha (obstinate skin diseases)
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/87
-|Bahyaprayogarth lepa in Kushtha (obstinate skin diseases)
 |-
-|6
+| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10/34 || Ingredient in Palankashadi taila
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]  10/34
-|Ingredient in Palankashadi  taila
 |-
-|7
+| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/65 || For lepa, abhyangadi bahyaprayogartha (external applications in massage)
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]  12/65
-|For Lepa, Abhyangadi  Bahyaprayogartha (external applications in massagae)
 |-
-|8
+| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 17/78 || Used for shodhanottara (after purification) dhumpana (medicated smoking)
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]  17/78
-|Used for  shodhanottara(after purification) dhumpana (medicated smoking).
 |-
-|9
+| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/69 || As an ingredient of Manahsiladi dhuma
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/69
-|As an ingredient  of manahsiladi dhuma.
 |-
-|10
+| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/33 || Trishna (morbid thirst) & Chhardi (vomiting) shamaka yoga
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 20/33
-|Trusha(morbid thirst) &  Chhardi(vomiting)-shamaka yoga.
 |-
-|11
+| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/54 || As an ingredient of Mrita sanjivani agada
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/54
-|As an ingredient of Mrita sanjivani agada.
 |-
-|12
+| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/102 || As an ingredient of Ksharagada
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/102
-|As an ingredient of ksharagada.
 |-
-|13
+| 13 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/190 || As an ingredient of Mamsyadi yoga
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 23/190
-|As an ingredient of Mamsyadi yoga.
 |-
-|14
+| 14 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/65 || As an ingredient of Trutyadi churna
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/65
-|As an ingredient of  Trutyadi churna.
 |-
-|15
+| 15 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/182 || Used in Kaphaja sira shoola for dhoomavarti
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/182
-|Used in Kaphaja sira  shoola for dhoomavarti.
 |-
-|16
+| 16 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/209 || As an ingredient of Khadiradi gutika
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/209
-|As an ingredient of  Khadiradi gutika.
 |-
-|17
+| 17 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/234 || Used in Pittaja netraroga
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/234
-|Used in Pittaja netraroga.
 |-
-|18
+| 18 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/153 || As an ingredient of Bala taila
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/153
-|As an ingredient of Bala taila.
 |-
-|19
+| 19 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/158 || As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila
-|Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/158
-|As an ingredient of Amrutadi taila.
 |-
 |}
 ==Dose==
-*2-3 g of the drug in powder form.
+* Powder form: 2–3 g<ref name="ref1"/>
-*5-10 g of the drug for decoction.
+* Decoction form: 5–10 g<ref name="ref1"/>
 ==Important formulations==
-*Jatamamsi arka
+As per A.P.I.<ref name="ref1"/>
+* Jatamamsi arka
+== Current availability==
+Available
+* '''In India –''' High alpine and sub-alpine Himalayan ranges of India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand).
+* '''Out of India –''' Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal.
+== Phytoconstituents ==
+The roots of ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' are reported to contain sesquiterpenes (jatamansic acid and jatamansone), lignans and neolignans, and the rhizomes contain the terpenoid ester nardostachysin I. Phytochemical analysis of an aqueous root extract showed sterols, carbohydrates, terpenes, phenols, gums and mucilage, and chromatographic comparison with a jatamansone standard confirmed the presence of terpenoids.<ref name="rasheed2010"/>
+== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy ==
+=== Neurochemical Action (''Medhya'') ===
+Jatamansi is classified in Ayurveda as a ''Medhya'' (brain tonic) drug, and its effect on brain neurochemistry has been studied in rats.
+* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An alcoholic root extract given orally raised brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and increased GABA and taurine levels in male Wistar rats. After 15 days of treatment the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and GABA were all increased. The authors concluded that the extract causes an overall increase in central monoamines and inhibitory amino acids.<ref name="prabhu1994"/>
+=== Antidepressant-like Action ===
+* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An ethanolic root extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg orally for 14 days) produced a significant antidepressant-like effect in mice in the tail suspension and forced swim tests. The effect was comparable to imipramine and sertraline, and the extract did not change locomotor activity.<ref name="dhingra2008"/>
+* '''Mechanism:''' The extract decreased whole-brain MAO-A and MAO-B activity, and its effect was reversed by the GABA-B agonist baclofen. The authors suggested that MAO inhibition and interaction with GABA-B receptors are involved.<ref name="dhingra2008"/>
+=== Anticonvulsant Action ===
+Jatamansi is associated in Ayurveda with ''Sandnyasthapana'' (restoration of consciousness) and has been tested in seizure models.
+* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An ethanol extract of the roots significantly raised the seizure threshold in the maximal electroshock model in rats, with minimal neurotoxicity at those doses, but it was ineffective against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. In combination with phenytoin, 50 mg/kg of the extract raised the protective index of phenytoin from 3.63 to 13.18.<ref name="rao2005"/>
+=== Neuroprotective Action ===
+* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Rats pre-treated for three weeks with an ethanolic root extract (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) before an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion showed a dose-dependent restoration of the increased drug-induced rotations and the locomotor deficits. The authors concluded that Jatamansi may help in attenuating parkinsonism.<ref name="ahmad2006"/>
+== Safety, Toxicity, and Dosage ==
+* '''Acute and repeated-dose toxicity (animal study):''' An aqueous root extract showed an oral LD<sub>50</sub> above 5000 mg/kg in rats. Given at 1000 mg/kg daily for 28 days, it caused no significant change in haematological parameters and no change in the architecture of the liver, kidney or brain.<ref name="rasheed2010"/>
+* '''Precautions:''' Use under the guidance of a qualified Ayurveda physician, particularly during pregnancy and lactation, in chronic conditions, or when taking conventional medicines.
+* '''Standard Therapeutic Dosage:'''
+** ''Rhizome powder (churna):'' 2–3 g<ref name="ref1"/>
+** ''Decoction (kwatha):'' 5–10 g of drug<ref name="ref1"/>
+== Research Gaps ==
+The pharmacological evidence for Jatamansi summarised above comes from studies in rodents. Clinical efficacy and safety in humans remain to be established through well-designed clinical trials.
+== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
+|+ Experimental evidence for ''Nardostachys jatamansi''
+! Indication !! Preparation studied !! Model !! Principal finding !! Reference
+|-
+| '''Brain tonic / Medhya''' || Alcoholic root extract || Wistar rats || Increased brain monoamines and inhibitory amino acids (GABA, taurine) || <ref name="prabhu1994"/>
+|-
+| '''Mental disorders / Manasa roga''' || Ethanolic root extract (100–400 mg/kg) || Mice (tail suspension and forced swim tests) || Antidepressant-like effect; reduced MAO-A and MAO-B activity || <ref name="dhingra2008"/>
+|-
+| '''Convulsions / Sandnyasthapana''' || Ethanol root extract || Rats (MES and PTZ models) || Raised seizure threshold in MES model; no effect against PTZ || <ref name="rao2005"/>
+|-
+| '''Neurodegeneration''' || Ethanolic root extract (200–600 mg/kg) || 6-OHDA parkinsonism in rats || Dose-dependent restoration of behavioural deficits || <ref name="ahmad2006"/>
+|}
+== References ==
+{{Reflist|refs=
+<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I: 33.</ref>
+<ref name="ref2">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raj Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, Chandanadi Varga, Verse no. 95, 97, 99, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi.</ref>
+<ref name="ref3">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Karpuradi Varga, verse no. 75, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2015.</ref>
+<ref name="rasheed2010">{{cite journal |last1=Rasheed |first1=A. S. |last2=Venkataraman |first2=S. |last3=Jayaveera |first3=K. N. |last4=Mohammed Fazil |first4=A. |last5=Yasodha |first5=K. J. |last6=Aleem |first6=M. A. |last7=Mohammed |first7=M. |last8=Khaja |first8=Z. |last9=Ushasri |first9=B. |last10=Pradeep |first10=H. A. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |year=2010 |title=Evaluation of toxicological and antioxidant potential of ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' in reversing haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats |journal=International Journal of General Medicine |volume=3 |pages=127–136 |doi=10.2147/ijgm.s9156}}</ref>
+<ref name="prabhu1994">{{cite journal |last1=Prabhu |first1=V. |last2=Karanth |first2=K. S. |last3=Rao |first3=A. |year=1994 |title=Effects of Nardostachys jatamansi on biogenic amines and inhibitory amino acids in the rat brain.|journal=Planta Medica |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=114–117| doi=10.1055/s-2006-959429}}</ref>
-== Current availability==
+<ref name="dhingra2008">{{cite journal |last1=Dhingra |first1=D. |last2=Goyal |first2=P. K. |year=2008 |title=Inhibition of MAO and GABA: probable mechanisms for antidepressant-like activity of ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' DC. in mice |journal=Indian Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=212–218 |pmid=18512329}}</ref>
-Available
-*In India – Himalayan ranges of India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkkim, Uttarakhand)
-*Out of india – Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal
-== Current researches ==
+<ref name="rao2005">{{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=V. S. |last2=Rao |first2=A. |last3=Karanth |first3=K. S. |year=2005 |title=Anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity profile of ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' in rats |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=351–356 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.031 |pmid=16095854}}</ref>
-[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
+<ref name="ahmad2006">{{cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=M. |last2=Yousuf |first2=S. |last3=Khan |first3=M. B. |last4=Hoda |first4=M. N. |last5=Ahmad |first5=A. S. |last6=Ansari |first6=M. A. |last7=Ishrat |first7=T. |last8=Agrawal |first8=A. K. |last9=Islam |first9=F. |year=2006 |title=Attenuation by ''Nardostachys jatamansi'' of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonism in rats: behavioral, neurochemical, and immunohistochemical studies |journal=Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=150–160 |doi=10.1016/j.pbb.2006.01.005}}</ref>
+}}
- This article is under development ..
+[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]