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Eclipta prostrata Linn

{{#seo:

|title=Charak Samhita

|titlemode=append

|keywords= *Bhrungaraja, Eclipta prostrata Linn, False daisy, Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,

|description= Bhrungaraja (Eclipta prostrata Linn.) is widely used in Ayurveda for liver disorders, hair care, and respiratory ailments. It acts as a rejuvenative (Rasayana) and balances Vata and Kapha doshas.

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image_alt=charak samhita

|type=article

}}

{{Infobox

|title = Bhrungaraja

Line 5:

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|data1 = Herb database/Bhrungaraja

|label2 = Botanical name(s)

|data2 = Eclipta prostrata Linn

|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipta_prostrata Eclipta prostrata Linn.]

|label3 = Family

|data3 = Asteraceae

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Line 20:

|data4 = Available

|label5 = Contributors

|data5 = --

|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]

|label6 = Year of publication

|data6 = ~~2025~~

|data6 = 2026

|label7 = Publisher

|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]

|label8 = DOI

|data8 = Awaited

}}

'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipta_prostrata Eclipta prostrata Linn.]''' (syn. ''Eclipta alba'' (Linn.) Hassk.), popularly known as '''Bhrungaraja''' (False Daisy), is a small, branched, annual herb belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is highly revered in [[Ayurveda]] as a primary ''Rasayana'' (rejuvenative) and ''Kesya'' (hair-promoting) drug, traditionally utilized for managing liver disorders, hair loss, and respiratory conditions.

==English name ==

False daisy, Yerba de tago

--

==Therapeutic uses==

Sotha (oedema), Svasa (dyspnea), Kasa (cough), Pandu (anemia), Yakrutaroga (liver disease), Krumiroga (worms), Shirahashoola (headache), Hridroga (heart disease)<ref name="ref1"/>

== Synonyms in Charak Samhita==

Bhrungaraja

==Synonyms in ~~Bhavprakash nighantu<ref> Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash~~ Nighantu~~. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, guduchyadi varga, verse no- 239</ref>~~==

==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==

Bhrungarajo, ~~markava~~(~~prevent~~ premature greying of hair), ~~bhrunga~~, Angaraka, ~~kesharaja~~(good effect on hair), ~~kesharanjana~~,~~bhrungara~~

Bhrungarajo, Markava (prevents premature greying of hair), Bhrunga, Angaraka, Kesharaja (good effect on hair), Kesharanjana, Bhrungara<ref name="ref2"/>

==Varieties==

==Raja ~~nighantu~~<ref~~>Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, shatahvadi varga verse no- <~~/~~ref~~>==

===Raja Nighantu===

# Sweta

Mentioned 3 types<ref name="ref3"/>

# Pita

# Sweta (White)

# Nila

# Pita (Yellow)

# Nila (Blue)

== Botanical Profile & Traditional Context ==

In traditional Ayurvedic therapeutics, Bhrungaraja is classified as a potent ''Rasayana'' with pungent (''katu'') and bitter (''tikta'') tastes, hot potency (''ushna veerya''), and dry/sharp qualities (''ruksha, tikshna guna''). It acts as a ''kaphahara'', ''vatahara'', ''amahara'', ''kesya'', and ''chakshushya'' agent, holding a supreme reputation for nourishing hair, supporting liver detoxification, and improving vitality.<ref name="ref2"/>

== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==

Line 44:

Line 60:

! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties

|-

| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) ||~~Katu~~(~~pungent~~), tikta~~(bitter~~)

| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]]) || Pungent (katu), Bitter (tikta)<ref name="ref2"/>

|-

| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||~~Ushna~~(~~hot~~)

| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)<ref name="ref2"/>

|-

| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) ||~~Katu~~ (~~pungent~~)

| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)<ref name="ref2"/>

|-

| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])||~~Ruksha~~(~~dry~~) , ~~Tikshna~~(~~sharp~~)

| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Dry (ruksha), Sharp (tikshna)<ref name="ref2"/>

|-

| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) ||Balya , kaphahara,vatahara, amahara, rasayana,kesya,~~chaksushya~~,vishahara

| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Balya, kaphahara, vatahara, amahara, rasayana, kesya, chakshushya, vishahara<ref name="ref2"/>

|-

|}

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Line 79:

! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity

|-

| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/25 || Vamanartha(for emesis)

| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/25 || Vamanartha (for therapeutic emesis)

|-

|}

==Dose<ref>~~Anonymous~~. ~~The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of~~ India~~. Department of Ayush~~, ~~Ministry of Health and Family welfare~~, ~~Govt. of India~~, ~~New Delhi~~, ~~Part I. 1986; Volume 2 :10~~</~~ref~~>==

==Dose==

* 3-~~6 ml~~ of the ~~drug in juice form~~

* Juice form: 3–6 ml<ref name="ref1"/>

==Important formulations==

As per A.P.I.<ref name="ref1"/>

* Bhrungamalakadi taila

* Bhrungaraja taila

* Bhrungarajasava

== Current availability==

Available

* '''In India –''' Found throughout India, particularly growing abundantly in damp situations across Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Maharashtra<ref name="ref1"/>.

== Phytoconstituents ==

The coumestans wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone are regarded as the main active principles behind the liver-protective action of ''Eclipta prostrata''.<ref name="wagner1986"/> The plant also contains flavonoids (such as luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and apigenin), phenolic acids (such as protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid), triterpenoid saponins and triterpenes (such as eclalbasaponins, echinocystic acid and oleanolic acid), sterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), steroidal alkaloids of the verazine type, and thiophene derivatives (such as α-terthienylmethanol).<ref name="timalsina2021"/>

==~~Important formulation<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2 :10</ref>~~==

== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy ==

* Bhrungamalakadi taila

* Bhrungaraja taila

* Bhrungarajasava

=== Hepatoprotective Action (''Yakrutaroga'') ===

Bhrungaraja is the best-known drug in Ayurveda for liver disorders, and its hepatoprotective action has been tested in experimental liver injury models.

* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An alcoholic extract of freshly collected ''Eclipta alba'' showed dose-dependent, significant protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats and mice. The protection was assessed through hexobarbitone-induced sleep time, zoxazolamine-induced paralysis time, bromosulphalein clearance, and serum levels of transaminases, bilirubin and protein.<ref name="singh1993"/>

== ~~Current availability~~==

=== Hair Growth Promotion (''Kesya'') ===

The classical description of Bhrungaraja as ''Kesya'' is supported by animal studies on hair growth.

* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts, applied topically as a cream on shaved skin of albino rats, halved the time for hair growth to start and shortened the time for complete hair growth. The 5% petroleum ether extract gave more follicles in the anagen phase (69 ± 4) than the control (47 ± 13), and the 2% and 5% petroleum ether extracts performed better than 2% minoxidil.<ref name="roy2008"/>

* '''Mechanism:''' In C57BL/6N mice, an oral methanol extract of ''Eclipta prostrata'' enhanced the induction of anagen, increased FGF-7 expression and decreased FGF-5 expression. In human dermal papilla cells the extract also increased FGF-7 and activated mTOR signalling.<ref name="lee2019"/>

=== Wound Healing ===

Traditional local use of the leaves on wounds has been examined in rats.

* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An ethanolic leaf extract at two dose levels (150 and 300 mg/kg) was tested in incision, excision and dead-space wound models. Treated rats showed higher skin breaking strength, granuloma breaking strength, wound contraction, hydroxyproline content and dry granuloma weight, together with a shorter epithelialisation period.<ref name="sharma2008"/>

* '''Mechanism:''' Granuloma tissue from treated rats had higher levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and histology showed more collagen deposition. The authors attributed the effect to free radical scavenging and improved collagen formation.<ref name="sharma2008"/>

~~Available~~

== Safety and Toxicity ==

~~India – karnataka~~, ~~kerala~~, ~~andhrapradesha~~, ~~tamilnadu~~, ~~gujarat~~, ~~maharashtra~~.

* '''Oral toxicity (animal study):''' An alcoholic extract of ''Eclipta alba'' given by gavage to rats at 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg for 15 days produced no signs of toxicity, no significant change in body weight, and no significant change in liver (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin) or kidney (creatinine, BUN) markers.<ref name="yadav2017"/>

* '''Standard therapeutic dose:''' Fresh leaf juice (swarasa) 3–6 ml.<ref name="ref1"/>

* '''Precautions:''' Use under the guidance of a qualified Ayurveda physician, particularly in chronic conditions or when taking conventional medicines. Medicated oils and decoctions are to be used as directed by the physician.

== ~~Current researches~~ ==

== Research Gaps ==

~~https://cb~~.~~imsc~~.~~res.in/imppat/phytochemical~~/~~Eclipta%20prostrata~~

Most of the pharmacological evidence for Bhrungaraja comes from in vitro and animal studies. Detailed mechanism studies and properly designed clinical studies are still needed to establish its safety and efficacy in humans.<ref name="timalsina2021"/>

~~[[Category~~: ~~Database~~ of ~~herbs~~ and ~~minerals~~ | ~~Herbs]]~~

== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"

|+ Experimental evidence for ''Eclipta prostrata''

! Indication !! Preparation studied !! Model !! Principal finding !! Reference

|-

| '''Liver disorders / Yakrutaroga''' || Alcoholic extract || CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver injury, rats and mice || Dose-dependent hepatoprotection; improved serum transaminases, bilirubin and protein || <ref name="singh1993"/>

|-

| '''Hair loss / Alopecia''' || Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts (topical cream) || Albino rats || Earlier onset and completion of hair growth; more anagen follicles || <ref name="roy2008"/>

|-

| '''Wounds / Vrana''' || Ethanolic leaf extract || Incision, excision and dead-space wounds in rats || Faster contraction and epithelialisation; higher collagen content || <ref name="sharma2008"/>

|}

== References ==

{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2: 10.</ref>

<ref name="ref2">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, verse no. 239, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020.</ref>

<ref name="ref3">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed. 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Shatavhadi Varga.</ref>

<ref name="timalsina2021">{{cite journal |last1=Timalsina |first1=D. |last2=Devkota |first2=H. P. |year=2021 |title=''Eclipta prostrata'' (L.) L. (Asteraceae): Ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities |journal=Biomolecules |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=1738 |doi=10.3390/biom11111738 |pmid=34827736}}</ref>

<ref name="wagner1986">{{cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=H. |last2=Geyer |first2=B. |last3=Kiso |first3=Y. |last4=Hikino |first4=H. |last5=Rao |first5=G. S. |year=1986 |title=Coumestans as the main active principles of the liver drugs ''Eclipta alba'' and ''Wedelia calendulacea'' |journal=Planta Medica |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=370–374 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-969188 |pmid=3797500}}</ref>

<ref name="singh1993">{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=B. |last2=Saxena |first2=A. K. |last3=Chandan |first3=B. K. |last4=Agarwal |first4=S. G. |last5=Bhatia |first5=M. S. |last6=Anand |first6=K. K. |year=1993 |title=Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of ''Eclipta alba'' on experimental liver damage in rats and mice |journal=Phytotherapy Research |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=154–158 |doi=10.1002/ptr.2650070212}}</ref>

<ref name="roy2008">{{cite journal |last1=Roy |first1=R. K. |last2=Thakur |first2=M. |last3=Dixit |first3=V. K. |year=2008 |title=Hair growth promoting activity of ''Eclipta alba'' in male albino rats |journal=Archives of Dermatological Research |volume=300 |issue=7 |pages=357–364 |doi=10.1007/s00403-008-0860-3 |pmid=18478241}}</ref>

<ref name="lee2019">{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=K. H. |last2=Choi |first2=D. |last3=Jeong |first3=S. I. |last4=Kim |first4=S. J. |last5=Lee |first5=C. H. |last6=Seo |first6=H. S. |last7=Jeong |first7=H. S. |year=2019 |title=''Eclipta prostrata'' promotes the induction of anagen, sustains the anagen phase through regulation of FGF-7 and FGF-5 |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=105–111 |doi=10.1080/13880209.2018.1561729 |pmid=30757935}}</ref>

<ref name="sharma2008">{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=S. |last2=Sikarwar |first2=M. S. |year=2008 |title=Wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of ''Eclipta alba'' |journal=Pharmacognosy Magazine |volume=4 |issue=13 (Suppl) |pages=108–111}}</ref>

<ref name="yadav2017">{{cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=N. K. |last2=Arya |first2=R. K. |last3=Dev |first3=K. |last4=Sharma |first4=C. |last5=Hossain |first5=Z. |last6=Meena |first6=S. |last7=Arya |first7=K. R. |last8=Gayen |first8=J. R. |last9=Datta |first9=D. |last10=Singh |first10=R. K. |year=2017 |title=Alcoholic extract of ''Eclipta alba'' shows in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity without exhibiting toxicological effects |journal=Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |volume=2017 |pages=9094641 |doi=10.1155/2017/9094641 |pmid=28250894}}</ref>

}}

~~This article is under development .~~.

[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Eclipta prostrata Linn
+{{#seo:
+|title=Charak Samhita
+|titlemode=append
+|keywords= *Bhrungaraja, Eclipta prostrata Linn, False daisy, Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
+|description= Bhrungaraja (Eclipta prostrata Linn.) is widely used in Ayurveda for liver disorders, hair care, and respiratory ailments. It acts as a rejuvenative (Rasayana) and balances Vata and Kapha doshas.
+|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
+|image_alt=charak samhita
+|type=article
+}}
 {{Infobox
 |title = Bhrungaraja
@@ Line 5: / Line 14: @@
 |data1 = Herb database/Bhrungaraja
 |label2 = Botanical name(s)
-|data2 = Eclipta prostrata Linn
+|data2 = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipta_prostrata Eclipta prostrata Linn.]
 |label3 = Family
 |data3 = Asteraceae
@@ Line 11: / Line 20: @@
 |data4 = Available
 |label5 = Contributors
-|data5 = --
+|data5 = [[Team Dravyaguna]]
 |label6 = Year of publication
-|data6 =  2025
+|data6 = 2026
 |label7 = Publisher
-|data7 =  [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
+|data7 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre]]
 |label8 = DOI
-|data8  = Awaited
+|data8 = Awaited
 }}
+'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipta_prostrata Eclipta prostrata Linn.]''' (syn. ''Eclipta alba'' (Linn.) Hassk.), popularly known as '''Bhrungaraja''' (False Daisy), is a small, branched, annual herb belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is highly revered in [[Ayurveda]] as a primary ''Rasayana'' (rejuvenative) and ''Kesya'' (hair-promoting) drug, traditionally utilized for managing liver disorders, hair loss, and respiratory conditions.
 ==English name ==
+False daisy, Yerba de tago
---
+==Therapeutic uses==
+Sotha (oedema), Svasa (dyspnea), Kasa (cough), Pandu (anemia), Yakrutaroga (liver disease), Krumiroga (worms), Shirahashoola (headache), Hridroga (heart disease)<ref name="ref1"/>
 == Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
 Bhrungaraja
-==Synonyms in Bhavprakash nighantu<ref>	Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, guduchyadi varga, verse no- 239</ref>==
+==Synonyms in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu==
-Bhrungarajo, markava(prevent premature greying of hair), bhrunga, Angaraka, kesharaja(good effect on hair), kesharanjana,bhrungara
+Bhrungarajo, Markava (prevents premature greying of hair), Bhrunga, Angaraka, Kesharaja (good effect on hair), Kesharanjana, Bhrungara<ref name="ref2"/>
 ==Varieties==
-==Raja nighantu<ref>Dr. Indradev Tripathi , Raja Nighantu of pandit Narhari, ed.2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, shatahvadi varga verse no- </ref>==
+===Raja Nighantu===
-# Sweta
+Mentioned 3 types<ref name="ref3"/>
-# Pita
+# Sweta (White)
-# Nila
+# Pita (Yellow)
+# Nila (Blue)
+== Botanical Profile & Traditional Context ==
+In traditional Ayurvedic therapeutics, Bhrungaraja is classified as a potent ''Rasayana'' with pungent (''katu'') and bitter (''tikta'') tastes, hot potency (''ushna veerya''), and dry/sharp qualities (''ruksha, tikshna guna''). It acts as a ''kaphahara'', ''vatahara'', ''amahara'', ''kesya'', and ''chakshushya'' agent, holding a supreme reputation for nourishing hair, supporting liver detoxification, and improving vitality.<ref name="ref2"/>
 == Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
@@ Line 44: / Line 60: @@
 ! Sr.no. !! Pharmacological criteria !! Properties
 |-
-| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  ||Katu(pungent), tikta(bitter)
+| 1 || Taste ([[rasa]])  || Pungent (katu), Bitter (tikta)<ref name="ref2"/>
 |-
-| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) ||Ushna(hot)
+| 2 || Potency ([[veerya]]) || Hot (ushna)<ref name="ref2"/>
 |-
-| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) ||Katu (pungent)
+| 3 || Post digestion effect ([[vipaka]]) || Pungent (katu)<ref name="ref2"/>
 |-
-| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])||Ruksha(dry) , Tikshna(sharp)
+| 4 || Qualities ([[guna]])|| Dry (ruksha), Sharp (tikshna)<ref name="ref2"/>
 |-
-| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) ||Balya , kaphahara,vatahara, amahara, rasayana,kesya,chaksushya,vishahara
+| 5 || Actions ([[karma]]) || Balya, kaphahara, vatahara, amahara, rasayana, kesya, chakshushya, vishahara<ref name="ref2"/>
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 63: / Line 79: @@
 ! Sr.no. !! Reference in Charak Samhita !! Activity
 |-
-| 1 ||Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/25 ||  Vamanartha(for emesis)
+| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/25 || Vamanartha (for therapeutic emesis)
 |-
 |}
-==Dose<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2 :10</ref>==
+==Dose==
-* 3-6 ml of the drug in juice form
+* Juice form: 3–6 ml<ref name="ref1"/>
+==Important formulations==
+As per A.P.I.<ref name="ref1"/>
+* Bhrungamalakadi taila
+* Bhrungaraja taila
+* Bhrungarajasava
+== Current availability==
+Available
+* '''In India –''' Found throughout India, particularly growing abundantly in damp situations across Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Maharashtra<ref name="ref1"/>.
+== Phytoconstituents ==
+The coumestans wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone are regarded as the main active principles behind the liver-protective action of ''Eclipta prostrata''.<ref name="wagner1986"/> The plant also contains flavonoids (such as luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and apigenin), phenolic acids (such as protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid), triterpenoid saponins and triterpenes (such as eclalbasaponins, echinocystic acid and oleanolic acid), sterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), steroidal alkaloids of the verazine type, and thiophene derivatives (such as α-terthienylmethanol).<ref name="timalsina2021"/>
-==Important formulation<ref>Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2 :10</ref>==
+== Pharmacological Activities & Therapeutic Efficacy ==
-* Bhrungamalakadi taila
-* Bhrungaraja taila
-* Bhrungarajasava
+=== Hepatoprotective Action (''Yakrutaroga'') ===
+Bhrungaraja is the best-known drug in Ayurveda for liver disorders, and its hepatoprotective action has been tested in experimental liver injury models.
+* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An alcoholic extract of freshly collected ''Eclipta alba'' showed dose-dependent, significant protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats and mice. The protection was assessed through hexobarbitone-induced sleep time, zoxazolamine-induced paralysis time, bromosulphalein clearance, and serum levels of transaminases, bilirubin and protein.<ref name="singh1993"/>
-== Current availability==
+=== Hair Growth Promotion (''Kesya'') ===
+The classical description of Bhrungaraja as ''Kesya'' is supported by animal studies on hair growth.
+* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts, applied topically as a cream on shaved skin of albino rats, halved the time for hair growth to start and shortened the time for complete hair growth. The 5% petroleum ether extract gave more follicles in the anagen phase (69 ± 4) than the control (47 ± 13), and the 2% and 5% petroleum ether extracts performed better than 2% minoxidil.<ref name="roy2008"/>
+* '''Mechanism:''' In C57BL/6N mice, an oral methanol extract of ''Eclipta prostrata'' enhanced the induction of anagen, increased FGF-7 expression and decreased FGF-5 expression. In human dermal papilla cells the extract also increased FGF-7 and activated mTOR signalling.<ref name="lee2019"/>
+=== Wound Healing ===
+Traditional local use of the leaves on wounds has been examined in rats.
+* '''Scientific Evidence:''' An ethanolic leaf extract at two dose levels (150 and 300 mg/kg) was tested in incision, excision and dead-space wound models. Treated rats showed higher skin breaking strength, granuloma breaking strength, wound contraction, hydroxyproline content and dry granuloma weight, together with a shorter epithelialisation period.<ref name="sharma2008"/>
+* '''Mechanism:''' Granuloma tissue from treated rats had higher levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and histology showed more collagen deposition. The authors attributed the effect to free radical scavenging and improved collagen formation.<ref name="sharma2008"/>
-Available
+== Safety and Toxicity ==
-India – karnataka, kerala, andhrapradesha, tamilnadu, gujarat, maharashtra.
+* '''Oral toxicity (animal study):''' An alcoholic extract of ''Eclipta alba'' given by gavage to rats at 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg for 15 days produced no signs of toxicity, no significant change in body weight, and no significant change in liver (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin) or kidney (creatinine, BUN) markers.<ref name="yadav2017"/>
+* '''Standard therapeutic dose:''' Fresh leaf juice (swarasa) 3–6 ml.<ref name="ref1"/>
+* '''Precautions:''' Use under the guidance of a qualified Ayurveda physician, particularly in chronic conditions or when taking conventional medicines. Medicated oils and decoctions are to be used as directed by the physician.
-== Current researches ==
+== Research Gaps ==
-https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Eclipta%20prostrata
+Most of the pharmacological evidence for Bhrungaraja comes from in vitro and animal studies. Detailed mechanism studies and properly designed clinical studies are still needed to establish its safety and efficacy in humans.<ref name="timalsina2021"/>
-[[Category: Database of herbs and minerals | Herbs]]
+== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
+|+ Experimental evidence for ''Eclipta prostrata''
+! Indication !! Preparation studied !! Model !! Principal finding !! Reference
+|-
+| '''Liver disorders / Yakrutaroga''' || Alcoholic extract || CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver injury, rats and mice || Dose-dependent hepatoprotection; improved serum transaminases, bilirubin and protein || <ref name="singh1993"/>
+|-
+| '''Hair loss / Alopecia''' || Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts (topical cream) || Albino rats || Earlier onset and completion of hair growth; more anagen follicles || <ref name="roy2008"/>
+|-
+| '''Wounds / Vrana''' || Ethanolic leaf extract || Incision, excision and dead-space wounds in rats || Faster contraction and epithelialisation; higher collagen content || <ref name="sharma2008"/>
+|}
+== References ==
+{{Reflist|refs=
+<ref name="ref1">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 2: 10.</ref>
+<ref name="ref2">Shri Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, verse no. 239, Edited by Padmashree Pro. Krushnachandra Chunekar, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 2020.</ref>
+<ref name="ref3">Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Raja Nighantu of Pandit Narahari, ed. 2006, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Shatavhadi Varga.</ref>
+<ref name="timalsina2021">{{cite journal |last1=Timalsina |first1=D. |last2=Devkota |first2=H. P. |year=2021 |title=''Eclipta prostrata'' (L.) L. (Asteraceae): Ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities |journal=Biomolecules |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=1738 |doi=10.3390/biom11111738 |pmid=34827736}}</ref>
+<ref name="wagner1986">{{cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=H. |last2=Geyer |first2=B. |last3=Kiso |first3=Y. |last4=Hikino |first4=H. |last5=Rao |first5=G. S. |year=1986 |title=Coumestans as the main active principles of the liver drugs ''Eclipta alba'' and ''Wedelia calendulacea'' |journal=Planta Medica |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=370–374 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-969188 |pmid=3797500}}</ref>
+<ref name="singh1993">{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=B. |last2=Saxena |first2=A. K. |last3=Chandan |first3=B. K. |last4=Agarwal |first4=S. G. |last5=Bhatia |first5=M. S. |last6=Anand |first6=K. K. |year=1993 |title=Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of ''Eclipta alba'' on experimental liver damage in rats and mice |journal=Phytotherapy Research |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=154–158 |doi=10.1002/ptr.2650070212}}</ref>
+<ref name="roy2008">{{cite journal |last1=Roy |first1=R. K. |last2=Thakur |first2=M. |last3=Dixit |first3=V. K. |year=2008 |title=Hair growth promoting activity of ''Eclipta alba'' in male albino rats |journal=Archives of Dermatological Research |volume=300 |issue=7 |pages=357–364 |doi=10.1007/s00403-008-0860-3 |pmid=18478241}}</ref>
+<ref name="lee2019">{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=K. H. |last2=Choi |first2=D. |last3=Jeong |first3=S. I. |last4=Kim |first4=S. J. |last5=Lee |first5=C. H. |last6=Seo |first6=H. S. |last7=Jeong |first7=H. S. |year=2019 |title=''Eclipta prostrata'' promotes the induction of anagen, sustains the anagen phase through regulation of FGF-7 and FGF-5 |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=105–111 |doi=10.1080/13880209.2018.1561729 |pmid=30757935}}</ref>
+<ref name="sharma2008">{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=S. |last2=Sikarwar |first2=M. S. |year=2008 |title=Wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of ''Eclipta alba'' |journal=Pharmacognosy Magazine |volume=4 |issue=13 (Suppl) |pages=108–111}}</ref>
+<ref name="yadav2017">{{cite journal |last1=Yadav |first1=N. K. |last2=Arya |first2=R. K. |last3=Dev |first3=K. |last4=Sharma |first4=C. |last5=Hossain |first5=Z. |last6=Meena |first6=S. |last7=Arya |first7=K. R. |last8=Gayen |first8=J. R. |last9=Datta |first9=D. |last10=Singh |first10=R. K. |year=2017 |title=Alcoholic extract of ''Eclipta alba'' shows in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity without exhibiting toxicological effects |journal=Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |volume=2017 |pages=9094641 |doi=10.1155/2017/9094641 |pmid=28250894}}</ref>
+}}
- This article is under development ..
+[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals| Herbs]]