Talk:Usheera - Revision history

Dridhabala at 11:24, 1 October 2026

2026-10-01T11:24:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:24, 1 October 2026
Line 133:		Line 133:
	=== Phytochemical Composition ===		=== Phytochemical Composition ===
	The root oil of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' is a complex mixture dominated by sesquiterpenes, and its composition varies with genotype, geographical origin and extraction method.		The root oil of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' is a complex mixture dominated by sesquiterpenes, and its composition varies with genotype, geographical origin and extraction method.
	* '''~~Sesquiterpene Alcohols and Ketones~~:''' ~~Khusimol was~~ the major ~~component (12~~.~~86%) of a Brazilian~~ root ~~oil~~,~~<ref name="Barros2009" />~~ and ~~vetiverols~~ and ~~vetivones are characteristic constituents reported in vetiver oils~~.<ref name="~~Chou2012~~" />		* '''Brazilian Root Oil:''' Thirty-eight compounds were identified, and khusimol, palustrol, khusimone, zizanone and epi-α-vetivone were the major constituents. The hydroalcoholic root extract contained terpenoids and/or saponins, flavonoids and phenolic acids, and the freeze-dried aqueous extract contained flavonoids and phenols.<ref name="Barros2009" />
	* '''Taiwanese Steam-Distilled Oil:''' Twenty-five constituents were identified, with cedr-8-en-13-ol (12.4%), α-amorphene (7.80%), β-vatirenene (5.94%) and α-gurjunene (5.91%) predominating.<ref name="Biomolecules2025" /><ref name="Chou2012" />		* '''Taiwanese Steam-Distilled Oil:''' Twenty-five constituents were identified, with cedr-8-en-13-ol (12.4%), α-amorphene (7.80%), β-vatirenene (5.94%) and α-gurjunene (5.91%) predominating.<ref name="Biomolecules2025" /><ref name="Chou2012" />
	* '''Chemotype Variation:''' Root oil from Giresun, Turkey was dominated by isobutyl angelate (11.15%), α-muurolene (10.56%), α-cedrene (8.42%), α-patchoulene (8.10%) and ethylene brassylate (7.49%), showing marked variation with origin and the need for standardisation.<ref name="Efe2021" />		* '''Chemotype Variation:''' Root oil from Giresun, Turkey was dominated by isobutyl angelate (11.15%), α-muurolene (10.56%), α-cedrene (8.42%), α-patchoulene (8.10%) and ethylene brassylate (7.49%), showing marked variation with origin and the need for standardisation.<ref name="Efe2021" />
Line 158:		Line 158:

	==== Antimicrobial Actions ====		==== Antimicrobial Actions ====
	* '''Scientific Evidence:''' ~~Root~~ essential oil ~~from Brazil~~ inhibited ''~~Micrococcus roseus~~'' (MIC ~~70 µg~~/ml) and ''~~Staphylococcus aureus~~'' ~~(MIC 150 µg~~/ml).<ref name="Barros2009" /> Turkish root oil showed antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in disc diffusion, MIC, DPPH and FRAP assays.<ref name="Efe2021" /> Oil extracted from Chinese roots was active mainly against Gram-positive bacteria, especially ''S. aureus''.<ref name="David2019" />		* '''Scientific Evidence:''' Brazilian root essential oil inhibited ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MIC 0.15 mg/ml). The crude ethanolic root extract showed MICs of 0.19 mg/ml against ''Bacillus cereus'' and ''Micrococcus roseus'' and 0.39 mg/ml against ''M. luteus'', ''S. aureus'' and ''B. subtilis'', and its hexane fraction was more active against ''M. luteus'', ''M. roseus'', ''S. aureus'' and ''B. cereus''.<ref name="Barros2009" /> Turkish root oil showed antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in disc diffusion, MIC, DPPH and FRAP assays.<ref name="Efe2021" /> Oil extracted from Chinese roots was active mainly against Gram-positive bacteria, especially ''S. aureus''.<ref name="David2019" />
	* '''Interpretation:''' These in vitro results are consistent with the classical ''Vrana'' indication. Wound-healing and hemostatic (''Stambhana'') effects were not demonstrated in the studies reviewed here and need in vivo confirmation.		* '''Interpretation:''' These in vitro results are consistent with the classical ''Vrana'' indication. Wound-healing and hemostatic (''Stambhana'') effects were not demonstrated in the studies reviewed here and need in vivo confirmation.

Line 166:		Line 166:

	== Safety & Toxicity Profile ==		== Safety & Toxicity Profile ==
	* '''Acute Safety:''' In a Brazilian ~~preclinical study~~, the ~~crude ethanolic extract of the~~ root showed no acute toxicity ~~in rats~~ at 2,000 mg/kg.<ref name="Barros2009" /> Chronic, reproductive and human safety data were not found.		* '''Acute Safety:''' In a Brazilian dissertation, the hydroalcoholic and freeze-dried aqueous root extracts showed no acute toxicity at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg.<ref name="Barros2009" /> Chronic, reproductive and human safety data were not found.
	* '''Precautions:''' Due to its pronounced cooling (''Sheeta Virya'') and Kapha-stabilizing characteristics, prolonged administration in very large quantities during cold seasons or in patients with severe, chronic Kapha-Vata respiratory congestion should be balanced with warming bio-enhancers (e.g., Sunthi or Maricha).		* '''Precautions:''' Due to its pronounced cooling (''Sheeta Virya'') and Kapha-stabilizing characteristics, prolonged administration in very large quantities during cold seasons or in patients with severe, chronic Kapha-Vata respiratory congestion should be balanced with warming bio-enhancers (e.g., Sunthi or Maricha).

	~~== Research Gaps ==~~
	* Randomized controlled trials for ''Jwara'', ''Daha'' and ''Trishna'' indications
	* Replication of the antipyretic findings using standardised aqueous (''Hima''/''Kwatha'') preparations
	* Experimental studies on the ''Stambhana'' (hemostatic) and wound-healing claims
	* Chemical standardisation (HPTLC/GC-MS) of Ayurvedic preparations, given chemotype variation
	* Chronic and human toxicity data

	== References ==		== References ==
Line 180:		Line 173:
	<ref name="API">{{cite book \|title=The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India \|year=1986 \|publisher=Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India \|volume=3 \|pages=99–100 \|edition=Part I}}</ref>		<ref name="API">{{cite book \|title=The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India \|year=1986 \|publisher=Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India \|volume=3 \|pages=99–100 \|edition=Part I}}</ref>
	<ref name="Bhavaprakash">{{cite book \|last=Chunekar \|first=K. C. \|title=Bhavaprakash Nighantu \|year=2020 \|publisher=Chaukhambha Bharati Academy \|pages=Karpuradi varga, verse 86 \|edition=Reprint}}</ref>		<ref name="Bhavaprakash">{{cite book \|last=Chunekar \|first=K. C. \|title=Bhavaprakash Nighantu \|year=2020 \|publisher=Chaukhambha Bharati Academy \|pages=Karpuradi varga, verse 86 \|edition=Reprint}}</ref>
			<ref name="Barros2009">{{cite thesis \|last=Barros \|first=Gilvana Cristina de \|year=2009 \|title=Estudo fitoquímico e avaliações da toxicidade aguda e atividades biológicas da raiz do vetiver (''Vetiveria zizanioides'' L. Nash) Poaceae \|type=Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde – Farmácia) \|publisher=Universidade Federal de Goiás \|location=Goiânia \|pages=100 \|url=http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2123}}</ref>
			<ref name="Chou2012">{{cite journal \|last1=Chou \|first1=S. T. \|last2=Lai \|first2=C. P. \|last3=Lin \|first3=C. C. \|last4=Shih \|first4=Y. \|year=2012 \|title=Study of the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' \|journal=Food Chemistry \|volume=134 \|issue=1 \|pages=262–268 \|doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.131}}</ref>
			<ref name="Biomolecules2025">{{cite journal \|last1=Gunasekar \|first1=C. J. \|last2=Majdalawieh \|first2=A. F. \|last3=Abu-Yousef \|first3=I. A. \|last4=Al Refaai \|first4=S. A. \|year=2025 \|title=Pharmacological and therapeutic potential of ''Chrysopogon zizanioides'' (vetiver): a comprehensive review of its medicinal applications and future prospects \|journal=Biomolecules \|volume=15 \|issue=9 \|page=1312 \|doi=10.3390/biom15091312}}</ref>
			<ref name="Efe2021">{{cite journal \|last1=Efe \|first1=D. \|last2=Karaköse \|first2=M. \|last3=Aktaş Karaçelik \|first3=A. \|last4=Ertan \|first4=B. \|year=2021 \|title=GC-MS analyses and bioactivities of essential oil obtained from the roots of ''Chrysopogon zizanioides'' (L.) Roberty cultivated in Giresun, Turkey \|journal=Turkish Journal of Chemistry \|volume=45 \|issue=5 \|doi=10.3906/kim-2009-64}}</ref>
			<ref name="JPharmaceutics2013">{{cite journal \|year=2013 \|title=HPLC quantification of phenolic acids from ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (L.) Nash and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity \|journal=Journal of Pharmaceutics \|volume=2013 \|page=270472 \|doi=10.1155/2013/270472}}</ref>
			<ref name="Narkhede2012">{{cite journal \|last1=Narkhede \|first1=M. B. \|last2=Ajmire \|first2=P. V. \|last3=Wagh \|first3=A. E. \|last4=Bhise \|first4=M. R. \|last5=Mehetre \|first5=G. D. \|last6=Patil \|first6=H. J. \|year=2012 \|title=An evaluation of anti-pyretic potential of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (Linn.) root \|journal=Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics \|volume=4 \|issue=1 \|pages=11–13}}</ref>
	<ref name="Luqman2009">{{cite journal \|last1=Luqman \|first1=S. \|last2=Kumar \|first2=R. \|last3=Kaushik \|first3=S. \|last4=Srivastava \|first4=S. \|last5=Darokar \|first5=M. P. \|last6=Khanuja \|first6=S. P. S. \|year=2009 \|title=Antioxidant potential of the root of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (L.) Nash \|journal=Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics \|volume=46 \|issue=1 \|pages=122–125 \|pmid=19374265}}</ref>		<ref name="Luqman2009">{{cite journal \|last1=Luqman \|first1=S. \|last2=Kumar \|first2=R. \|last3=Kaushik \|first3=S. \|last4=Srivastava \|first4=S. \|last5=Darokar \|first5=M. P. \|last6=Khanuja \|first6=S. P. S. \|year=2009 \|title=Antioxidant potential of the root of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (L.) Nash \|journal=Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics \|volume=46 \|issue=1 \|pages=122–125 \|pmid=19374265}}</ref>
	<ref name="Kim2005">{{cite journal \|last1=Kim \|first1=H. J. \|last2=Chen \|first2=F. \|last3=Wang \|first3=X. \|last4=Chung \|first4=H. Y. \|last5=Jin \|first5=Z. \|year=2005 \|title=Evaluation of antioxidant activity of vetiver (''Vetiveria zizanioides'' L.) oil and identification of its antioxidant constituents \|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry \|volume=53 \|issue=20 \|pages=7691–7695}}</ref>		<ref name="Kim2005">{{cite journal \|last1=Kim \|first1=H. J. \|last2=Chen \|first2=F. \|last3=Wang \|first3=X. \|last4=Chung \|first4=H. Y. \|last5=Jin \|first5=Z. \|year=2005 \|title=Evaluation of antioxidant activity of vetiver (''Vetiveria zizanioides'' L.) oil and identification of its antioxidant constituents \|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry \|volume=53 \|issue=20 \|pages=7691–7695}}</ref>
	<ref name="Chou2012">{{cite journal \|last1=Chou \|first1=S. T. \|last2=Lai \|first2=C. P. \|last3=Lin \|first3=C. C. \|last4=Shih \|first4=Y. \|year=2012 \|title=Study of the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil from ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' \|journal=Food Chemistry \|volume=134 \|issue=1 \|pages=262–268 \|doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.131}}</ref>
	<ref name="Lima2012">{{cite journal \|last1=Lima \|first1=G. M. \|last2=Quintans-Júnior \|first2=L. J. \|last3=Thomazzi \|first3=S. M. \|display-authors=etal \|year=2012 \|title=Phytochemical screening, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ''Chrysopogon zizanioides'' essential oil \|journal=Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia \|volume=22 \|issue=2 \|pages=443–450 \|doi=10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000005}}</ref>		<ref name="Lima2012">{{cite journal \|last1=Lima \|first1=G. M. \|last2=Quintans-Júnior \|first2=L. J. \|last3=Thomazzi \|first3=S. M. \|display-authors=etal \|year=2012 \|title=Phytochemical screening, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ''Chrysopogon zizanioides'' essential oil \|journal=Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia \|volume=22 \|issue=2 \|pages=443–450 \|doi=10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000005}}</ref>
	<ref name="Phuong2024">{{cite journal \|last1=Phuong \|first1=M. H. \|last2=Linh \|first2=L. K. K. \|year=2024 \|title=Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of vetiver root extract in Dak Lak, Viet Nam \|url=https://vjol.vista.gov.vn/sphcm/en/article/view/105430}}</ref>		<ref name="Phuong2024">{{cite journal \|last1=Phuong \|first1=M. H. \|last2=Linh \|first2=L. K. K. \|year=2024 \|title=Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of vetiver root extract in Dak Lak, Viet Nam \|url=https://vjol.vista.gov.vn/sphcm/en/article/view/105430}}</ref>
	<ref name="Narkhede2012">{{cite journal \|last1=Narkhede \|first1=M. B. \|last2=Ajmire \|first2=P. V. \|last3=Wagh \|first3=A. E. \|last4=Bhise \|first4=M. R. \|last5=Mehetre \|first5=G. D. \|last6=Patil \|first6=H. J. \|year=2012 \|title=An evaluation of anti-pyretic potential of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (Linn.) root \|journal=Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics \|volume=4 \|issue=1 \|pages=11–13}}</ref>
	<ref name="Barros2009">{{cite thesis \|last=Barros \|first=G. C. \|year=2009 \|title=Estudo fitoquímico e avaliações da toxicidade aguda e atividades biológicas da raiz do vetiver (''Vetiveria zizanioides'' L. Nash) Poaceae \|publisher=Universidade Federal de Goiás \|url=https://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/items/cc047cde-a52f-4ad2-b2f5-bdeb4002ba8b}}</ref>
	<ref name="Efe2021">{{cite journal \|last1=Efe \|first1=D. \|last2=Karaköse \|first2=M. \|last3=Aktaş Karaçelik \|first3=A. \|last4=Ertan \|first4=B. \|year=2021 \|title=GC-MS analyses and bioactivities of essential oil obtained from the roots of ''Chrysopogon zizanioides'' (L.) Roberty cultivated in Giresun, Turkey \|journal=Turkish Journal of Chemistry \|volume=45 \|issue=5 \|doi=10.3906/kim-2009-64}}</ref>
	<ref name="David2019">{{cite journal \|last1=David \|first1=A. \|last2=Wang \|first2=F. \|last3=Sun \|first3=X. \|last4=Li \|first4=H. \|last5=Lin \|first5=J. \|display-authors=etal \|year=2019 \|title=Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (L.) Nash essential oil extracted by carbon dioxide expanded ethanol \|journal=Molecules \|volume=24 \|issue=10 \|page=1897 \|doi=10.3390/molecules24101897}}</ref>		<ref name="David2019">{{cite journal \|last1=David \|first1=A. \|last2=Wang \|first2=F. \|last3=Sun \|first3=X. \|last4=Li \|first4=H. \|last5=Lin \|first5=J. \|display-authors=etal \|year=2019 \|title=Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (L.) Nash essential oil extracted by carbon dioxide expanded ethanol \|journal=Molecules \|volume=24 \|issue=10 \|page=1897 \|doi=10.3390/molecules24101897}}</ref>
	<ref name="Saiyudthong2015">{{cite journal \|last1=Saiyudthong \|first1=S. \|last2=Pongmayteegul \|first2=S. \|last3=Marsden \|first3=C. A. \|last4=Phansuwan-Pujito \|first4=P. \|year=2015 \|title=Anxiety-like behaviour and c-fos expression in rats that inhaled vetiver essential oil \|journal=Natural Product Research \|volume=29 \|issue=22 \|pages=2141–2144 \|doi=10.1080/14786419.2014.992342}}</ref>		<ref name="Saiyudthong2015">{{cite journal \|last1=Saiyudthong \|first1=S. \|last2=Pongmayteegul \|first2=S. \|last3=Marsden \|first3=C. A. \|last4=Phansuwan-Pujito \|first4=P. \|year=2015 \|title=Anxiety-like behaviour and c-fos expression in rats that inhaled vetiver essential oil \|journal=Natural Product Research \|volume=29 \|issue=22 \|pages=2141–2144 \|doi=10.1080/14786419.2014.992342}}</ref>
	<ref name="JPharmaceutics2013">{{cite journal \|year=2013 \|title=HPLC quantification of phenolic acids from ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (L.) Nash and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity \|journal=Journal of Pharmaceutics \|volume=2013 \|page=270472 \|doi=10.1155/2013/270472}}</ref>
	<ref name="Biomolecules2025">{{cite journal \|year=2025 \|title=Pharmacological and therapeutic potential of ''Chrysopogon zizanioides'' (vetiver): a comprehensive review of its medicinal applications and future prospects \|journal=Biomolecules \|volume=15 \|issue=9 \|page=1312 \|doi=10.3390/biom15091312}}</ref>
	}}		}}

Dridhabala at 09:30, 1 October 2026

2026-10-01T09:30:42Z

Show changes

Dridhabala at 18:14, 30 September 2026

2026-09-30T18:14:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:14, 30 September 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:

	{{#seo:		{{#seo:
	\|title=Charak Samhita ~~- Herb Database~~		\|title=Charak Samhita
	\|titlemode=append		\|titlemode=append
	\|keywords=Usheera~~, Ushira~~, Vetiveria zizanioides, ~~Chrysopogon zizanioides~~, Vetiver, ~~Cuscus~~ grass, ~~Pittashamaka~~, ~~Jwarahara~~, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, ~~Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia~~, ~~Usirasava~~, ~~Shadanga Paniya~~, ~~Essential oil~~		\|keywords= Usheera, Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, Cuscus grass, Vetiver, Khas-Khas grass Therapeutic use, herbs, researches on dravya, Charak Samhita, Dravyaguna, carakasamhitaonline, carakasamhita, caraka samhita, Ayurveda, Charak Samhita English translation, ancient Ayurveda text, Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, Charak, Charaka Samhita, agnivesha, atreya, gopal basisht, yogesh deole, charak samhita wikipedia edition, charak samhita new edition, charaka samhita new edition, carak samhita new edition, caraka samhita new edition, research on charak samhita, text book charak samhita, fundamental principles of ayurveda, basic concepts of ayurveda,
	\|description=~~Monograph on~~ Usheera (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash)~~: comprehensive botanical profile~~, ~~classical Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics~~, ~~phytochemical constituents~~, and ~~evidence-based therapeutic efficacy~~.		\|description= Usheera (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) is traditionally classified as a premier pittahara, dahaprashamana (cooling), and trishna-nigrahana herb, widely utilized in Ayurveda for managing burning sensations, excessive thirst, fever, skin disorders, and urinary ailments.
	\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg		\|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
	\|image_alt=~~Usheera - Vetiveria zizanioides~~		\|image_alt=charak samhita
	\|type=article		\|type=article
	}}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysopogon_zizanioides Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty]		}}

			[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysopogon_zizanioides Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty]

	{{Infobox		{{Infobox
Line 50:		Line 53:
	** ''Samagandhik'' – Exhibits a persistent, balanced, and uniform earthy balsamic bouquet.		** ''Samagandhik'' – Exhibits a persistent, balanced, and uniform earthy balsamic bouquet.

	~~[[File:Vetiveria_zizanioides_roots.jpg\|thumb\|Fibrous, aromatic adventitious root system of Vetiveria zizanioides (Usheera)]]~~

	== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==		== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==

Dridhabala at 05:04, 10 September 2026

2026-09-10T05:04:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:04, 10 September 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~wiki_content = """~~{{#seo:		{{#seo:
	\|title=Charak Samhita - Herb Database		\|title=Charak Samhita - Herb Database
	\|titlemode=append		\|titlemode=append
Line 174:		Line 174:
	<ref name="Saiyudthong">{{cite journal \|last1=Saiyudthong \|first1=S. \|last2=Marsden \|first2=C. A. \|year=2015 \|title=Acute effects of vetiver essential oil on anxiety-like behavior and c-Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala in rats \|journal=Natural Product Communications \|volume=10 \|issue=6 \|pages=1107–1110}}</ref>		<ref name="Saiyudthong">{{cite journal \|last1=Saiyudthong \|first1=S. \|last2=Marsden \|first2=C. A. \|year=2015 \|title=Acute effects of vetiver essential oil on anxiety-like behavior and c-Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala in rats \|journal=Natural Product Communications \|volume=10 \|issue=6 \|pages=1107–1110}}</ref>
	}}		}}
	~~[[Index.php?title=Category:Database of herbs and minerals\| Herbs]]~~
	~~"""~~

	~~with open("Usheera_Monograph.wikitext", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:~~
	~~f.write(wiki_content)~~

Dridhabala at 05:00, 10 September 2026

2026-09-10T05:00:39Z

Show changes

Dridhabala at 08:57, 7 September 2026

2026-09-07T08:57:54Z

Show changes

Dridhabala: Created page with "{{Infobox plant | name = Usheera | image = Vetiveria_zizanioides.jpg | image_caption = Root clumps and foliage of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (Usheera / Cuscus grass) | binomial_name = ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' | family = Poaceae | common_names = Cuscus grass, Vetiver | synonyms = ''Virana'', ''Nalada'', ''Mrunala'', ''Sevya'', ''Samagandhik'' }} '''Usheera''' (Latin: ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' / ''Chrysopogo..."

2026-08-30T04:43:34Z

Created page with "{{Infobox plant | name = Usheera | image = Vetiveria_zizanioides.jpg | image_caption = Root clumps and foliage of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (Usheera / Cuscus grass) | binomial_name = ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' | family = Poaceae | common_names = Cuscus grass, Vetiver | synonyms = ''Virana'', ''Nalada'', ''Mrunala'', ''Sevya'', ''Samagandhik'' }} '''Usheera''' (Latin: ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' / ''Chrysopogo..."

New page

{{Infobox plant
| name = Usheera
| image = Vetiveria_zizanioides.jpg
| image_caption = Root clumps and foliage of ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (Usheera / Cuscus grass)
| binomial_name = ''Vetiveria zizanioides''
| family = Poaceae
| common_names = Cuscus grass, Vetiver
| synonyms = ''Virana'', ''Nalada'', ''Mrunala'', ''Sevya'', ''Samagandhik''
}}

'''Usheera''' (Latin: ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' / ''Chrysopogon zizanioides'', English: '''Cuscus grass''') is a densely tufted perennial grass belonging to the family Poaceae. In Ayurveda, the fragrant roots of Usheera are highly celebrated for their cooling (''Sheeta''), thirst-relieving (''Trishnanigrahana''), and Pitta-pacifying (''Pittashamaka'') therapeutic virtues.<ref name="API">Anonymous. ''The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India''. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume 3: 99.</ref>

== Botanical & Vernacular Names ==
* '''Latin Name:''' ''Vetiveria zizanioides'' (syn. ''Chrysopogon zizanioides'')
* '''Family:''' Poaceae
* '''English Name:''' Cuscus grass, Vetiver
* '''Sanskrit / Classical Name:''' Usheera (Ushira)

== Synonyms in Classical Texts ==
* '''Synonyms in Bhavaprakash Nighantu:'''<ref name="Bhavaprakash">Prof. Krushnachandra Chunekar, ''Bhavaprakash Nighantu''. Reprint Edition 2020, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Karpuradi varga, verse no. 86.</ref>
** ''Virana'' – The plant entity yielding Ushira roots.
** ''Nalada'' – Possesses a delightful and pleasant natural aroma.
** ''Mrunala'' – The underground stem / root structure resembles a lotus stalk.
** ''Sevya'' – Highly beneficial and widely utilized in the treatment of diseases such as fever (''Jwara'').
** ''Samagandhik'' – Endowed with harmonious, persistent fragrance.

== Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties ==
According to Ayurvedic pharmacodynamics, the properties (''Rasa Panchaka'') of Usheera are summarized below:<ref name="API" />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! Sr. No. !! Pharmacological Criteria !! Properties (Ayurvedic Attributes)
|-
| 1 || '''Taste (''[[Rasa]]'')''' || Sweet (''Madhura''), Bitter (''Tikta'')
|-
| 2 || '''Potency (''[[Veerya]]'')''' || Cold (''Sita'')
|-
| 3 || '''Post-digestion Effect (''[[Vipaka]]'')''' || Sweet (''Madhura'')
|-
| 4 || '''Qualities (''[[Guna]]'')''' || Light (''Laghu''), Unctuous (''Snigdha'')
|-
| 5 || '''Actions (''[[Karma]]'')''' || ''Pachana'' (digestive / carminative), ''Pittaghna'' (Pitta-pacifying), ''Stambhana'' (styptic / astringent), ''Vataghna'' (Vata-pacifying)
|}

== References in Charaka Samhita ==
Usheera is widely cited in the therapeutic sections of ''Charaka Samhita'':

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
! Sr. No. !! Reference in Charaka Samhita !! Activity / Formulation / Therapeutic Use
|-
| 1 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/199 || Medicated decoction ingredient indicated in fever (''Jwara'')
|-
| 2 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/205 || Medicated decoction ingredient indicated in fever (''Jwara'')
|-
| 3 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/206 || Medicated decoction ingredient indicated in fever (''Jwara'')
|-
| 4 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/219 || Ingredient of medicated ghee preparation (''Ghrita Yoga'') for fever
|-
| 5 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/245 || Medicated enema formulation (''Basti Dravya'')
|-
| 6 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/73 || Therapeutic drug used in bleeding disorders (''Raktapitta'')
|-
| 7 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/80 || Therapeutic drug used in bleeding disorders (''Raktapitta'')
|-
| 8 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 4/102 || Used in therapeutic baths (''Avagaha''), sprinkling (''Parisheka''), and medicated oil/ghee preparations
|-
| 9 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/30 || Decoction (''Kwatha'') indicated in Pitta-dominant urinary disorders (''Pittaja Prameha'')
|-
| 10 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/144 || Active ingredient of ''Mahatikta Ghrita''
|-
| 11 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/186 || Styptic / hemostatic formulation drug in the treatment of bleeding hemorrhoids (''Raktarsha'')
|-
| 12 || Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/76 || External therapeutic application (''Lepa'') in the treatment of erysipelas/herpes (''Visarpa'')
|}

== Therapeutic Uses ==
Usheera is therapeutically indicated in the treatment of:<ref name="API" />
* ''Jwara'' (Fever / Hyperpyrexia)
* ''Trushna'' (Excessive thirst / Polydipsia)
* ''Mutrakruccha'' (Dysuria / Painful urination)
* ''Vrana'' (Wounds and ulcers)

== Dosage & Administration ==
* '''Powder (''Churna''):''' 3 – 6 g of the drug powder.<ref name="API" />

== Important Formulations ==
* ''Usirasava''
* ''Yogaraja Guggulu''
* ''Shadanga Kwatha''

== Habitat & Availability ==
* '''Status:''' Available
* '''Geographical Distribution in India:''' Widely distributed and cultivated across Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and several South Indian states.

== References ==
<references />