Dipyaka - Revision history

Agnivesha at 06:12, 23 September 2026

2026-09-23T06:12:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:12, 23 September 2026
Line 18:		Line 18:
	\|data2 = Trachyspermum ammi, Carum copticum Benth. & Hook		\|data2 = Trachyspermum ammi, Carum copticum Benth. & Hook
	\|label3 = Family		\|label3 = Family
	\|data3 = Umbelliferae		\|data3 = Apiaceae, Umbelliferae
	\|label4 = Availability		\|label4 = Availability
	\|data4 = Available		\|data4 = Available
Line 30:		Line 30:
	\|data8 = Awaited		\|data8 = Awaited
	}}		}}
			[[File:Ajwain.jpg\|thumb\|'''Ajwain (''Carum copticum'')''']]
	'''[~~https~~:~~//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Trachyspermum_ammi Carum copticum Benth. & Hook.]''', commonly known as '''Dipyaka''' or '''Ajowan''', is an annual herbaceous plant widely cultivated for its aromatic fruits. In [[Ayurveda]], it is highly valued as a carminative, digestive stimulant, and Kapha-Vata pacifying medicine.<ref name="API">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:02</ref>		'''[[wikipedia:Trachyspermum_ammi\|Carum copticum Benth. & Hook.]]''', commonly known as '''Ajwain''', '''Dipyaka''' or '''Ajowan''', is an annual herbaceous plant widely cultivated for its aromatic fruits. In [[Ayurveda]], it is highly valued as a carminative, digestive stimulant, and Kapha-Vata pacifying medicine.<ref name="API">Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Part I. 1986; Volume I:02</ref>

	== English Name ==		== English Name ==
Line 136:		Line 136:

	=== 1. Gastrointestinal and Carminative Activity ([[Deepana]] & [[Pachana]]) ===		=== 1. Gastrointestinal and Carminative Activity ([[Deepana]] & [[Pachana]]) ===
	* '''Traditional Use:''' Used for Gulma (abdominal lump), Adhmana (abdominal distention), Aruchi (anorexia), and ~~Sula~~ (colic pain).		* '''Traditional Use:''' Used for Gulma (abdominal lump), Adhmana (abdominal distention), Aruchi (anorexia), and Shula (colic pain).
	* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Animal and in vitro studies demonstrate that the extract and essential oil of T. ammi exhibit significant anti-spasmodic (anticholinergic-like) and smooth-muscle relaxing properties. The carminative action is primarily mediated by thymol, which stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, enhances metabolic activity, and relieves flatulence and intestinal colic.<ref name="Tharakan2014">Tharakan, S. T., et al. "Evaluation of spasmolytic and bronchodilator activities of Trachyspermum ammi." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.</ref>		* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Animal and in vitro studies demonstrate that the extract and essential oil of T. ammi exhibit significant anti-spasmodic (anticholinergic-like) and smooth-muscle relaxing properties. The carminative action is primarily mediated by thymol, which stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, enhances metabolic activity, and relieves flatulence and intestinal colic.<ref name="Tharakan2014">Tharakan, S. T., et al. "Evaluation of spasmolytic and bronchodilator activities of Trachyspermum ammi." Journal of Ethnopharmacology.</ref>

	=== 2. Antimicrobial and Antifungal Efficacy (''Krumiroga'') ===		=== 2. Antimicrobial and Antifungal Efficacy (''Krumiroga'') ===
	* '''Traditional Use:''' Employed in Krumi roga (parasitic and microbial infections).		* '''Traditional Use:''' Employed in Krumi roga (parasitic and microbial infections).
	* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' T. ammi essential oil and isolated thymol exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria (including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (such as Candida albicans). The high phenolic content disrupts microbial cell membranes, causing leakage of intracellular constituents.<ref name="Khosravi2009">Khosravi, A. R., et al. "In vitro antifungal activity of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil against dermatophytes." Mycoses.</ref>		* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' T. ammi essential oil and isolated thymol exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria (including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (such as Candida albicans). The high phenolic content disrupts microbial cell membranes, causing leakage of intracellular constituents.<ref name="Khosravi2009">Khosravi, A. R., et al. "In vitro antifungal activity of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil against dermatophytes." Mycoses.</ref>

	=== 3. Respiratory Support (''Hikka'' & Bronchodilation) ===		=== 3. Respiratory Support (''Hikka'' & Bronchodilation) ===
	* '''Traditional Use:''' Used in respiratory distress, asthma (~~Swasa~~), and cough.		* '''Traditional Use:''' Used in respiratory distress, asthma (Shwasa), and cough.
	* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Pharmacological studies confirm that the bronchodilator activity of T. ammi is comparable to standard reference drugs (like theophylline/atropine). The relaxation of tracheal chains by thymol and carvacrol facilitates easier airflow, validating its traditional use in obstructive airway diseases.<ref name="Boskabady2014">Boskabady, M. H., et al. "Bronchodilator and anticough effects of Trachyspermum ammi." Research Reports.</ref>		* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' Pharmacological studies confirm that the bronchodilator activity of T. ammi is comparable to standard reference drugs (like theophylline/atropine). The relaxation of tracheal chains by thymol and carvacrol facilitates easier airflow, validating its traditional use in obstructive airway diseases.<ref name="Boskabady2014">Boskabady, M. H., et al. "Bronchodilator and anticough effects of Trachyspermum ammi." Research Reports.</ref>

	=== 4. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties ===		=== 4. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties ===
	* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' T. ammi seeds possess significant free-radical scavenging abilities due to their high concentration of phenolic compounds. In vivo anti-inflammatory models show that extracts can reduce acute and chronic inflammation, partly by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and prostaglandin synthesis.<ref name="Javed2012">Javed, I., et al. "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Trachyspermum ammi extracts." Phytotherapy Research.</ref>		* '''Mechanism & Scientific Evidence:''' T. ammi seeds possess significant free-radical scavenging abilities due to their high concentration of phenolic compounds. In vivo anti-inflammatory models show that extracts can reduce acute and chronic inflammation, partly by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and prostaglandin synthesis.<ref name="Javed2012">Javed, I., et al. "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Trachyspermum ammi extracts." Phytotherapy Research.</ref>

	== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==		== Summary of Therapeutic Profile ==

Agnivesha at 06:04, 23 September 2026

2026-09-23T06:04:53Z

Show changes

Maitreya at 12:44, 2 April 2025

2025-04-02T12:44:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 2 April 2025
Line 100:		Line 100:
	\|-		\|-
	\|18		\|18
	\|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 13/103		\|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 13/103
	\|In treatment of Kaphaja uadara roga		\|In treatment of Kaphaja uadara roga
	\|-		\|-

Maitreya at 12:41, 2 April 2025

2025-04-02T12:41:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:41, 2 April 2025
Line 25:		Line 25:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
	\|+'''Herbs and their activities'''		\|+'''Herbs and their activities'''
	\|'''Sr.no.'''		\|'''Sr.no.'''

Maitreya: /* Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions */

2025-04-02T12:39:04Z

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 2 April 2025
Line 109:		Line 109:
	\|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthan 14/63		\|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthan 14/63
	\|As an ingredient of traushnadi churna		\|As an ingredient of traushnadi churna
			\|-
	\|}		\|}


	== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==		== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==

Maitreya at 12:37, 2 April 2025

2025-04-02T12:37:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:37, 2 April 2025
Line 111:		Line 111:
	\|}		\|}

	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~

	== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==		== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==

Maitreya: /* Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions */

2025-04-02T12:36:30Z

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 2 April 2025
Line 103:		Line 103:
	\|-		\|-
	\|19		\|19
	\|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa		\|Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana13/125

	Sthana13/125
	\|As an ingredient of narayan churna		\|As an ingredient of narayan churna
	\|-		\|-

Maitreya: /* Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions */

2025-04-02T12:35:26Z

Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, 2 April 2025
Line 48:		Line 48:
	\|5		\|5
	\|Cha. Sa. Chi. 5/71		\|Cha. Sa. Chi. 5/71
	\|Ingredient of Hapushadya ~~ghrit~~		\|Ingredient of Hapushadya ghrita
	\|-		\|-
	\|6		\|6
Line 114:		Line 114:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

	== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==		== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Manishdubey: /* Ayurvedic pharmacological properties */

2023-05-18T06:16:37Z

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:16, 18 May 2023
Line 123:		Line 123:
	\|1		\|1
	\|Taste (rasa)		\|Taste (rasa)
	\|		\|Pungent (katu)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2		\|2
	\|Potency (veerya)		\|Potency (veerya)
	\|		\|Hot (ushna)
	\|-		\|-
	\|3		\|3
	\|Post digestion effect (vipaka)		\|Post digestion effect (vipaka)
	\|		\|Pungent (katu)
	\|-		\|-
	\|4		\|4
	\|Qualities (guna)		\|Qualities (guna)
	\|		\|Light (laghu), Rough (ruksha), Sharp (tikshna)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5		\|5
	\|Actions (karma)		\|Actions (karma)
	\|		\|Pacify Kapha and Vata
	\|}		\|}

Manishdubey: /* English name */

2023-05-18T06:14:27Z

English name

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:14, 18 May 2023
Line 17:		Line 17:

	==English name==		==English name==
	--		Ajowan

	==Synonyms in Charak Samhita==		==Synonyms in Charak Samhita==
			Dipyaka, Yavani, Bhutik, Dipya, Ajamodika

	==Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==		==Reference in Charak Samhita and its actions ==
	~~Yavani, Bhutik, Dipya~~

	~~== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==~~
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+'''Herbs and their activities'''		\|+'''Herbs and their activities'''
Line 112:		Line 112:
	\|As an ingredient of traushnadi churna		\|As an ingredient of traushnadi churna
	\|}		\|}

			{\| class="wikitable"
			== Ayurvedic pharmacological properties ==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+'''Properties'''		\|+'''Properties'''